Cho tam giác $ABC,  M = \frac{\sin ^2 A+\sin ^2B+\sin ^2C }{ \cos ^2 A+\cos ^2B+\cos ^2C} $
Tìm  $Max  M.$
Vì $\cos A, \cos B , \cos C$ không đồng thời bằng $0$ nên ta có :
             $M+1=1+\frac{ \sin ^2A+\sin  ^2B+\sin ^2C}{ \cos ^2A+\cos ^2B+\cos ^2C} = \frac{ 3}{\cos ^2A+\cos ^2B+ \cos ^2C } $
    $\Leftrightarrow \cos ^2A+\cos ^2B+\cos ^2C=\frac{ 3}{M+1 } $
    $\Leftrightarrow 1+\frac{ 1}{ 2}(\cos 2A+\cos 2B)+\cos ^2C=\frac{ 3}{M+1 }  $
    $\Leftrightarrow \cos ^2C-\cos (A-B)\cos ^2 C+1-\frac{ 3}{M+1 } =0   (1)$
Coi $(1)$ là phương trình bậc $2$ của $\cos C.$ Vì tồn tại tam giác $ABC$ nên phương trình $(1)$ có nghiệm khi và chỉ khi $\Delta \geq  0$
    $\Leftrightarrow \cos ^2(A-B)-4 \left ( 1-\frac{ 3}{M+1}  \right ) \geq  0$
    $\Leftrightarrow 4 \left ( 1-\frac{ 3}{ M+1} \right ) \leq \cos ^2 (A-B) \leq 1$
    $\Leftrightarrow M \leq 3$
Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi  $\begin{cases}\cos ^2(A-B) =1 \\ \Delta =0 \end{cases}  \Leftrightarrow A=B=C$
Kết luận :  $Max  M =3$  đạt được khi tam giác $ABC$ đều.
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