Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:  $\sqrt {x_1^2 + y_1^2}  + \sqrt {x_2^2 + y_2^2}  + ... + \sqrt {x_n^2 + y_n^2} $
Biết rằng ${x_1} + {x_2} + ... + {x_n} = a$;  ${y_1} + {y_2} + ... + {y_n} = b$ ($a, b$ cho trước)
Xét hàm số
    ${f_k}(x) = {x_k}{\mathop{ s}\nolimits} {{inx}} + {y_k}\cos x,       {{ k}} = 1,2,...,n$
Khi đó $\max {f_k}(x) = \sqrt {{x^2} + {y^2}} ,       {{ k}} = 1,2,...,n$
Đặt $f(x) = {f_1}(x) + {f_2}(x) + ... + {f_k}(x)$
             $\begin{array}{l}
 = ({x_1} + {x_2} + ... + {x_n}){\mathop{ s}\nolimits} {{inx}} + ({y_1} + {y_2} + ... + {y_n})c{{osx}}\\
 = {{a\sin x}} + b\cos x
\end{array}$
Do đó $\max f(x) = \sqrt {{a^2} + {b^2}} $

Với mọi $x \in R$ ta có
${f_1}(x) \le \max {f_1}(x),{{ }}{f_2}(x) \le \max {f_2}(x),...,{f_n}(x) \le \max {f_n}(x)$
Suy ra $f(x) = {f_1}(x) + {f_2}(x) + ... + {f_n}(x) \le \max {f_1}(x) + \max {f_2}(x) + ... + \max {f_n}(x)$
tức là    $\sqrt {{a^2} + {b^2}}  \le \sqrt {x_1^2 + y_1^2}  + \sqrt {x_2^2 + y_2^2}  + ... + \sqrt {x_n^2 + y_n^2} $
vậy $\min \left( {\sqrt {x_1^2 + y_1^2}  + \sqrt {x_2^2 + y_2^2}  + ... + \sqrt {x_n^2 + y_n^2} } \right) = \sqrt {{a^2} + {b^2}} $,
đạt được chẳng hạn khi ${x_1} = a,{{ }}{{{y}}_1} = b,{{ }}{{{x}}_2} = .... = {x_n} = 0,{{ }}{{{y}}_2} = .... = {y_n} = 0$

Thẻ

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