Cho $x,y$ là các số thực không âm. Tìm giá trị lớn nhất và nhỏ nhất của biểu thức sau:
$P=\frac{(x-y)(1-xy)}{(1+x)^2.(1+y)^2}$
Do $x,y\geq 0$, nên hiển nhiên ta có:
$|(x-y)(1-xy)|\leq |(x+y)(1+xy)|=(x+y)(1+xy)$.
Vì thế $|P|=\frac{|(x-y)(1-xy|}{(1+x)^2(1+y)^2}\leq \frac{(1+xy)(x+y)}{[(x+y)+(1+xy)]^2}  (1)$
Theo bất đẳng thức côsi ta có: $(x+y)+(1+xy)\geq 2\sqrt{(x+y)(1+xy)}  (2)$
Từ $(1),(2)$ suy ra: $|P|\leq \frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow -\frac{1}{4}\leq P\leq \frac{1}{4}   (3)$
Kết hợp với khi $x=1, y=0$ thì $P=\frac{1}{4}$
                      khi $x=0, y=1$ thì $P=-\frac{1}{4}$
Tóm lại $P$ đạt giá trị lớn nhất bằng $\frac{1}{4}$ và đặt giá trị nhỏ nhất bằng $-\frac{1}{4}$.
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