Tìm giá trị lớn nhất, giá trị nhỏ nhất
a) $ f(x)=(x+3)(5-x)$ với $ -3 \leq  x \leq  5 $        
b) $ y= \sqrt{x-1}+ \sqrt{4-x}  $
a)    Vì $-3 \leq  x \leq  5$ nên $x+3 \geq  0, 5-x \geq  0$
$\Rightarrow f(x) \geq  0 $. Dấu bằng xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow  x=-3$  hoặc $x=5$. Vậy min$f(x)=0$
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số không âm:
$(x+3)+(5-x) \geq  2 \sqrt{(x+3)(5-x)} \Rightarrow  8 \geq  2\sqrt{f(x)} \Rightarrow  f(x) \leq  16  $
Dấu bằng xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow  x+3=5-x \Leftrightarrow  x=1$ Vậy max$f(x)=16$

b)    Điều kiện $1 \leq  x \leq  4$ Ta có $y \geq  0$
$y^{2}=x-1+4-x+2 \sqrt{(x-1)(4-x)}=3+2 \sqrt{(x-1)(4-x)}   $
Do đó $ y^{2}\geq  3 \Rightarrow  y=\sqrt{3}  $. Dấu bằng xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow  x=1$ hoặc $x=4$
Vậy Min$y=\sqrt{3} $
Vì $y^{2}=3+2 \sqrt{(x-1)(4-x)} \leq  3+x-1+4-x=6 \Rightarrow  y \leq  \sqrt{6}   $
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x-1=4-x  \Leftrightarrow  x= \frac{5}{2} $ ( thỏa mãn)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của $y=\sqrt{6} $, giá trị nhỏ nhất $y= \sqrt{3} $

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