Cho hình lập phương $ABCD.A'B'C'D'$ cạnh $a$. Gọi $M,N$ lần lượt là trung điểm của các cạnh $AD, BB'$
a) Chứng minh: $MN\bot A'C$
b) Tìm góc hợp bởi hai đường thẳng $MN$ và $AC'$
Chọn hệ trục tọa độ như hình vẽ.
Khi đó: $A(0;0;0), B(a;0;0), C(a;a;0), D(0;a;0), A'(0;0;a), B'(a;0;a), C'(a;a;a), D'(0;a;a), $
$M(0;\frac{a}{2};0 ),N(a;0;\frac{a}{2} ) $

a) Ta có $\overrightarrow{MN}=(a;-\frac{a}{2};\frac{a}{2}  ), \overrightarrow{A'C}=(a;a;-a)$
$\Rightarrow  \overrightarrow{MN}.\overrightarrow{A'C}=a^2-\frac{a^2}{2}-\frac{a^2}{2} =0     $
$\overrightarrow{MN}\bot \overrightarrow{A'C}  $. Vậy $MN\bot A'C$

b) Ta có $\overrightarrow{MN}=(a;-\frac{a}{2};\frac{a}{2}),  \overrightarrow{AC}=(a;a;a)  $
Gọi $\varphi$ là góc hợp bởi $MN$ và $AC'$. Ta có:
$cos\varphi=\frac{|\overrightarrow{MN}.\overrightarrow{AC'}  |}{|\overrightarrow{MN} |.|\overrightarrow{AC'} |}=\frac{|a^2-\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{a^2}{2}  |}{\sqrt{a^2+\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{a^2}{4}  }.\sqrt{a^2+a^2+a^2}  }=\frac{\sqrt{2} }{3} $
$\Rightarrow \varphi \approx 61^052'   $
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