Cho hệ phương trình
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{\log _x}(x\cos \alpha  + y\sin \alpha ) + {\log _y}(y\cos \alpha  + x\sin \alpha ) = 4\\
\log_x(x\cos \alpha  + y\sin \alpha ).{\log _y}(y\cos \alpha  + x\sin \alpha ) = 4
\end{array} \right.$
1) Giải hệ khi $\alpha  = \frac{\pi }{4}$.
2) Cho $0 \le \alpha  \le \frac{\pi }{2}$, hãy biện luận hệ
Điều kiện của nghiệm : $x > 0,{\rm{ y}} > 0,{\rm{ x}} \ne {\rm{1,y}} \ne {\rm{1}}$.

Ta giải câu $2$ trước:
$2)$ Do $0 < \alpha  < \pi /2$ nên $x.\cos \alpha  + {\rm{y}}{\rm{.}}\sin \alpha  > 0,{\rm{ }}y.\cos \alpha  + x.\sin \alpha  > 0$
Đặt ${\log _x}(x.c{\rm{os}}\alpha  + y.\sin \alpha ) = u,{\rm{ }}{\log _y}(y.c{\rm{os}}\alpha  + x.\sin \alpha ) = v$, hệ đã cho trở thành
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
u + v = 4\\
u.v = 4
\end{array} \right.$        $ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
u = 2\\
v = 2
\end{array} \right.$
Từ đó, hệ đã cho tương đương với
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{x^2} = x.\cos \alpha  + y.\sin \alpha \\
{y^2} = y.\cos \alpha  + x.\sin \alpha
\end{array} \right.{\rm{    }} \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{x^2} = x.\cos \alpha  + y.\sin \alpha \\
(x - y)(x + y - c{\rm{os}}\alpha  + \sin \alpha ) = 0
\end{array} \right.$
$\left[ \begin{array}{l}
\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
x = y\\
{x^2} = x.c{\rm{os}}\alpha  + y.\sin \alpha
\end{array} \right.{\rm{            (1)}}\\
\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
x + y = c{\rm{os}}\alpha  - \sin \alpha \\
{x^2} = x.c{\rm{os}}\alpha  + y.\sin \alpha
\end{array} \right.{\rm{              (2)}}
\end{array} \right.$

$(1)$ $ \Leftrightarrow x = y = \cos \alpha  + \sin \alpha $        (để ý rằng $x > 0,{\rm{  y}} > 0$)
$(2)$ $ \Leftrightarrow f(x) = {x^2} - (\cos \alpha  - \sin \alpha )x - \sin \alpha(\cos \alpha  - \sin \alpha ) = 0$    $(3)$

a) $\pi /4 \le \alpha  \le \pi /2$: $c{\rm{os}}\alpha  - \sin \alpha  \le 0$  (3) chỉ có nghiệm $x \le 0$ (nếu có) vì ${x_1} + {x_2} = \cos \alpha - \sin \alpha  \le 0$,${{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2} = - \sin \alpha (c{\rm{os}}\alpha  - \sin \alpha ) \ge 0$.

b) $0 \le \alpha  \le \pi /4$
$c{\rm{os}}\alpha  - \sin \alpha  \ge 0 \Rightarrow f(0) = - \sin \alpha (c{\rm{os}}\alpha  - \sin \alpha ) < 0$
$(3)$ có nghiệm ${x_1} < 0 < {x_2}$.
Với ${x_2}$thì ${y_2} = {x_1} < 0$. Trong trường hợp này hệ đã cho vô nghiệm.
Vậy hệ có nghiệm duy nhất $x = y = \cos \alpha  + \sin \alpha $.

$1)$ Áp dụng kết quả phần $(2)$ trên trong trường hợp $\alpha = \pi /4$ ta có nghiệm
$x = y = c{\rm{os}}\frac{\pi }{4} + \sin \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} + \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} = \sqrt 2 $

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