Tìm giá trị lớn nhất, giá trị nhỏ nhất của hàm:
         $f(x)=|1+2\cos x|+|1+2 \sin x|$
Giải
Đặt $y=f^2(x)=6+4(\cos x+\sin x)+2|1+2(\sin x+\cos x)+4 \sin x \cos x|$
Đặt $t=\cos x+\sin x=\sqrt{2} \sin (x+\frac{\pi}{4}) \Rightarrow -\sqrt{2} \leq t \leq \sqrt{2} $
Khi đó: $y=6+4t+2.|2t^2+2t-1|$
Ta có: $2t^2+2t-1=0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}t=-\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\\ t=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\end{array} \right.$
- Với $-\sqrt{2}\leq t \leq -\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}$ hoặc $\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2} \leq t \leq \sqrt{2}$, ta có:
    $y=6+4t+2(2t^2+2t-1)=4t^2+8t+4=4(t+1)^2$
 Hoành độ đỉnh $t=-1$ nằm ngoài khoảng đang xét nên
    $m_1=\min y= y(-\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2})=(\sqrt{3}-1)^2$
    $M_1=\max y = y(\sqrt{2})=4(\sqrt{3}+1)^2$

 - Với $-\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2} \leq t \leq \frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}$, ta có:
    $y=6+4t-2(2t^2+2t-1)=-4t^2+8$
    $m_2=\min y=y(-\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2})=(\sqrt{3}-1)^2$
    $M_2=\max y =y(0)=8$
Vậy trên đoạn $[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}]$ ta có:
    $m=\min y=\min (m_1;m_2)=(\sqrt{3}-1)^2$
    $M=\max y =\ max (M_1,M_2)=4(\sqrt{2}+1)^2$
Do đó: $\min f=\sqrt{3}-1$ và $\max f=2(1+\sqrt{2})$

Thẻ

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