Cho $\Delta ABC$ và $x,y,z$ là các số thực không đồng thời bằng không.
Chứng minh: $x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy\cos2C+2yz\cos2A+2zx\cos2B \geq 0$
Gọi $O$ là tâm đường tròn ngoại tiếp tam giác $ABC, \overrightarrow e_1, \overrightarrow e_2, \overrightarrow e_3$ là các vecto đơn vị
Đặt các vecto $ \overrightarrow {OA_1}= \overrightarrow e_1, \overrightarrow {OX}=x \overrightarrow {e_1}, \overrightarrow {e_1}$ cùng phương với $ \overrightarrow {OA}$
Đặt các vecto $ \overrightarrow {OB_1}=e_2, \overrightarrow {OY}=y \overrightarrow {e_2}, \overrightarrow {e_2}$ cùng phương với $ \overrightarrow {OB}$
Đặt các vecto $ \overrightarrow {OC_1}=e_3, \overrightarrow {OZ}=z \overrightarrow {e_3}, \overrightarrow {e_3}$ cùng phương với $ \overrightarrow {OC}$
Ta có: $(\overrightarrow {OX}+\overrightarrow {OY}+\overrightarrow {OZ})^2 \geq \overrightarrow 0 \Leftrightarrow  (x\overrightarrow {e_1}+y\overrightarrow {e_2}+z\overrightarrow {e_3})^2 \geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow  x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy\cos(\overrightarrow {e_1},\overrightarrow {e_2})+2yz\cos(\overrightarrow {e_2};\overrightarrow {e_3})+2zx\cos(\overrightarrow {e_3};\overrightarrow {e_1}) \geq 0$
$x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy\cos2C+2yz\cos2A+2zx\cos2B \geq 0$ (đpcm)   $(1)$
Dấu đẳng thức:
$(1) \Leftrightarrow  x^2(\sin^2 2B+\cos^22B)+y^2(\sin^22A+\cos^22A)+z^2$
                            $+2xy\cos(2A+2B)+2yz\cos2A+2zx\cos2B \geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow  x^2\sin^22B+x^2\cos^22B+y^2\sin^22A+y^2\cos^22B$
                           $+z^2+2xy(\cos2A.\cos2B-\sin2A.\sin2B)+2yz\cos2A+2zx\cos2B \geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow  (x^2\sin^22B-2xy\sin2A.\sin2B+y^2\sin^22A)+(x^2\cos^22B+y^2\cos^22B+z^2)$
                  $+(2xy\cos2A\cos2B+2yz\cos2A+2zx\cos2B) \geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow  (x\sin2B-y\sin2A)^2+(x\cos2B+y\cos2B+z)^2 \geq 0$
Dấu đẳng thức có khi và chỉ khi
$(*) \begin{cases}x\sin2B-y\sin2A=0    (2) \\ x\cos 2B+y\cos 2A+z=0    (3) \end{cases}$
Ta có $(2) \Leftrightarrow  y=\frac{x\sin2B}{\sin2A}$ thế vào $(3)$ có:    $x\cos2B+\frac{x\sin2B.\cos2A}{\sin2A}=z$
$\Leftrightarrow  x\sin(2A+2B)+z\sin2A \Leftrightarrow  x\sin2C=z\sin2A$
Do vậy $(*) \Leftrightarrow  \begin{cases}x\sin2B=y\sin2A \\ x\sin 2C=z\sin2A \end{cases}$
hay $x:y:z=\sin 2A:\sin2B:\sin 2C$

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