Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức $Q=|2x+y-3|+|x+ay+1|$
Xem hệ $(I) \begin{cases}2x+y-3=0 \\ x+ay+1=0 \end{cases}; D=\left| {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{2}&1\\
1&a
\end{array}} \right|=2a-1; D=0 \Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}$
* Với $a \neq \frac{1}{2} \Leftrightarrow D \neq 0$ hệ $(I)$ có nghiệm do đó $\min Q=0     (1)$
* Với $a=\frac{1}{2}$, biểu thức $Q$ trở thành $Q=|2x+y-3|+\frac{1}{2}|2x+y+2|$. Đặt $t=2x+y, t \in R$
Ta có: $Q=|t-3|+\frac{1}{2}|t+2|$ suy ra
Bảng biến thiên cho thấy : $Q(t)$ nghịch biến trên $(-\infty;3),Q(t)$ đồng biến trên $(3;+\infty)$ suy ra $\mathop {\min}\limits_{R}Q=Q(3)=\frac{5}{2}     (2)$
* Từ $(1)$ và $(2)$ kết luận: $\min Q=0$ nếu $a \neq \frac{1}{2}; \min Q=\frac{5}{2}$ nếu $a=\frac{1}{2}$
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