Cho $x+y+z=1$.Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của $P=x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}$
Trong mặt phẳng tọa độ $Oxy$ chọn:
$\overrightarrow {u}=(x;y;z) \Rightarrow |\overrightarrow {u}|=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}$
$\overrightarrow {u}=(z;x;y) \Rightarrow |\overrightarrow {v}|=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}$
$\overrightarrow {u}.\overrightarrow {v}=xz+xy+yz\leq |\overrightarrow {u}|.|\overrightarrow {v}|$
$\Rightarrow xz+xy+yz\leq x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2})\geq 2xz+ 2xy +2yz $
$\Leftrightarrow 2(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2})+(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2})\geq 2xz+2xy+2yz+ (x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2})$
$\Leftrightarrow 3(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2})\geq (x+y+z)^{2}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\geq \frac{1}{3}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra: $\Leftrightarrow \frac{x}{z}=\frac{y}{x}=\frac{z}{y} \Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của $P=x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}$  là Min P=$\frac{1}{3}$ khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$

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