Cho ba số dương $a,b,c$ (cho trước) và ba số dương bất kỳ $x,y,z$ luôn luôn thỏa mãn $\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=1$
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức $P=x+y+z$
Trong không gian tọa độ $Oxy$ chọn:
$\overrightarrow {u}=(\sqrt{x};\sqrt{y};\sqrt{z}) \Rightarrow |\overrightarrow {u}|=\sqrt{x+y+z}$
$\overrightarrow {v}=(\sqrt{\frac{a}{x}};\sqrt{\frac{b}{y}};\sqrt{\frac{c}{z}}) \Rightarrow |\overrightarrow {v}|=\sqrt{\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}}=1$
$\overrightarrow {u}.\overrightarrow {v}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\leq |\overrightarrow {u}|.|\overrightarrow {v}|=\sqrt{x+y+z}=\sqrt{P}$
$P\geq (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})^{2}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {u}=k.\overrightarrow {v}(k>0)$
$\begin{cases} \frac{\sqrt{a}}{x}=\frac{\sqrt{b}}{y}=\frac{\sqrt{c}}{z}\\\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=1 \end{cases} $
$\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}\\ y=\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}} \\z=\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}\end{cases} $

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