Cho tứ diện $ABCD$ có $DA=BC=a, DB=AC=b, DC=AB=c$.
Gọi $\alpha, \beta, \gamma $ lần lượt là góc giữa các cặp đường thẳng $DA$ và $BC$; $DB$ và $AC, DC$ và $AB$. Hãy tính $\cos \alpha , \cos \beta , \cos \gamma .$
Ta có:
$\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{DA}=\overrightarrow{BC}.(\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CA})=\overrightarrow{CB}.\overrightarrow{CD}-\overrightarrow{CB}.\overrightarrow{CA}$
$=\frac{1}{2}(CB^2+CD^2-BD^2)-\frac{1}{2}(CB^2+CA^2-AB^2)   $
$=\frac{1}{2}(AB^2+CD^2-BD^2-CA^2) .$
Từ đó $\cos(\overrightarrow{BC}, \overrightarrow{DA})=\frac{AB^2+CD^2-BD^2-CA^2}{2BC.DA}$
MÀ $DA=BC=a, DB=AC=b, DC=AB=c$ nên
$\cos (\overrightarrow{BC}, \overrightarrow{DA})=\frac{c^2+c^2-b^2-b^2}{2a^2}=\frac{2c^2-2b^2}{2a^2}  $
Vậy, nếu góc giữa hai đường thẳng $BC$ và $AD$ là $\alpha $ thì $\cos \alpha=\frac{|c^2-b^2|}{a^2}$. Tương tự, ta cũng tính được:
$\cos \beta =\frac{|a^2-c^2|}{b^2}, \cos \gamma =\frac{|a^2-b^2|}{c^2}  $.

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