Cho hình tứ diện $ABCD$ trong đó $AB\bot AC, AB\bot BD$. Gọi $P$ và $Q$ là các điểm lần lượt thuộc các đường thẳng $AB$ và $CD$ sao cho $\overrightarrow{PA}=k \overrightarrow{PB}, \overrightarrow{QC}=k \overrightarrow{QD}   (k \neq 1)$. Tính góc giữa $AB$ và $PQ.$ 

 Ta có $\overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{DQ}    $, do đó
$k \overrightarrow{PQ}=k \overrightarrow{PB}+ k \overrightarrow{BD}+k \overrightarrow{DQ}.$
Mặt khác, $\overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CQ},$
suy ra $(1-k)\overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PA}-k \overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{AC}-k \overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{CQ}-k \overrightarrow{DQ}.$
Theo giả thiết, $\overrightarrow{PA}=k \overrightarrow{PB}, \overrightarrow{QC}=k \overrightarrow{QD}    $ nên
từ đây ta có $(1-k)\overrightarrow{PQ}= \overrightarrow{AC}-k \overrightarrow{BD} .$
Từ đó $(1-k)\overrightarrow{PQ}. \overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}-k \overrightarrow{BD}.\overrightarrow{AB}.$
Hơn nữa, $AB\bot AC$ và $AB\bot BD$ nên
$\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}=0  $ và $\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BD}=0  $
Vậy $(1-k)\overrightarrow{PQ}=0$. Do $k\neq  1$ nên ta có $\overrightarrow{PQ}. \overrightarrow{AB}=0.$
Vậy góc giữa hai đường thẳng $AB$ và $PQ$ là góc vuông.

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