Cho $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ là ba góc tạo bởi đường chéo hình hộp chữ nhật với ba cạnh xuất phát từ một điểm. Chứng minh:
a) $\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=1$
b) $\sqrt{4cos^2\alpha+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\beta+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\gamma+1}\leq \sqrt{21}$

a) Chứng minh: $\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=1$
Giả sử cho hình hộp chữ nhật $ABCD.A'B'C'D'$ với ba kích thươc $AB=a, AD=b, Â'=c$ và đường chéo $AC'=d$
và gọi góc $\widehat {C'AB}=\alpha, \widehat {C'AD}=\beta, \widehat {C'AA'}=\gamma$
Tính chất hình hộp chữ nhật cho ta nhữngtam giác vuông nên:
   $\cos \alpha=\frac{a}{d}, \cos \beta=\frac{b}{d}, \cos \gamma=\frac{c}{d}$
Do đó: $\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=\frac{a^2}{d^2}+\frac{b^2}{d^2}+\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{d^2}$
Ta đã biết trong hình hộp chữ nhật thì đương cheos $d^2=a^2+b^2+c^2$
Vậy: $\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=\frac{d^2}{d^2}=1$
b) Chứng minh:
   $\sqrt{4\cos^2\alpha+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\beta+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\gamma+1}\leq \sqrt{21}$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki cho $6$ số cho ta:
   $(\sqrt{4\cos^2\alpha+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\beta+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\gamma+1})^2$
   $\leq (1^2+1^2+1^2)(4\cos^2\alpha+1+4\cos^2\beta+1+4\cos^2\gamma+1)$
   $\leq 3[4(\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma)+3]=21$
Vậy $\sqrt{4\cos^2\alpha+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\beta+1}+\sqrt{4\cos^2\gamma+1} \leq \sqrt{21}$

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