Cho $n$ số ${a_1},{a_2},...,{a_n}$với ${a_1} < {a_2} < ... < {a_n}$.
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của hàm số $f(x) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {|{x - {a_i}}| } $
Xét hai trường hợp:

a) $n = 2k,\;k \in {N^ + }$
Theo bất đẳng thức tam giác ta có:
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
\left| {{x_1} - a} \right| + \left| {x - {a_n}} \right| \ge {a_n} - {a_1}\\
\left| {x - {a_2}} \right| + \left| {x - {a_{n - 1}}} \right| \ge {a_{n - 1}} - {a_2}\\
.......................................\\
\left| {x - {a_k}} \right| + \left| {x - {a_{k + 1}}} \right| \ge {a_{k + 1}} - {a_k}
\end{array} \right.$
    $ \Rightarrow f(x) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\left| {x - {a_i}} \right|}  \ge \sum\limits_{j = 1}^k {\left| {{a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j}} \right|} $
Do đó, nếu $x \in \left[ {{a_k};{a_{k + 1}}} \right]$ thì ta có $f(x) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^k {({a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j})} $
Nếu $x \notin \left[ {{a_k};{a_{k + 1}}} \right]$ thì $\left| {x - {x_k}} \right| + \left| {x - {a_{k + 1}}} \right| > {a_{k + 1}} - {a_k}$
Nên   $f(x) > \sum\limits_{j = 1}^k {({a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j})} $
Vậy trong trường hợp này ${\mathop{\rm m}\nolimits} {\rm{inf}}(x) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^k {({a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j})} $
Với $x \in \left[ {{a_k};{a_{k + 1}}} \right]$

b) $n = 2k - 1,{\rm{ k}} \in {{\rm{N}}^ + }$
Theo bất đẳng thức tam giác ta có:
    $\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
\left| {x - {a_1}} \right| + \left| {x - {a_n}} \right| \ge {a_n} - {a_1}\\
\left| {x - {a_2}} \right| + \left| {x - {a_{n - 1}}} \right| \ge {a_{n - 1}} - {a_2}\\
.......................................\\
\left| {x - {a_{k - 1}}} \right| + \left| {x - {a_{k + 1}}} \right| \ge {a_{k + 1}} - {a_{k - 1}}\\
\left| {x - {a_k}} \right| \ge 0
\end{array} \right.$
$ \Rightarrow f(x) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\left| {x - {a_i}} \right|}  \ge \sum\limits_{j = 1}^{k - 1} {\left| {{a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j}} \right|}  + \left| {x - {a_k}} \right|$
Do đó, nếu $x = {a_k}$ thì $\left| {x - {a_k}} \right| = 0$ nên $f(x) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^{k - 1} {({a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j})} $
Nếu $x \ne {a_k}$ thì $\left| {x - {a_k}} \right| > 0$ nên $f(x) > \sum\limits_{j = 1}^{k - 1} {({a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j})} $
Vậy trong trường hợp này ${\mathop{\rm m}\nolimits} {\rm{inf}}(x) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^{k - 1} {({a_{n - j + 1}} - {a_j})} $ đạt được khi $x = {a_k}$

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