Cho $a,b,c,d$ là bốn số thực thỏa mãn các điều kiện:
          $\begin{cases}a^2+b^2+6=4(a+b) \\ c^2+d^2+64=12(c+d) \end{cases}$
Tìm GTLN, GTNN của biểu thức: $S=(a-c)^2+(b-d)^2$

  Ta có: $\begin{cases}a^2+b^2+6=4(a+b) \\ c^2+d^2+64=12(c+d) \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}(a-
2)^2+(b-2)^2=2 \\ (c-6)^2+(d-6)^2=8 \end{cases}$  (I)
Trong mặt phẳng tọa độ $Oxy$
Xét hai điểm $M(a;b), N(c;d)$, với $a,b,c,d$ thỏa mãn (I), ta thấy $M$ và $N$ lần lượt di động trên đường tròn $(C_1)$ tâm $I(2;2)$ bán kính $R_1= \sqrt{2}$ và đường tròn $(C_2)$ tâm $J(6;6)$ bán kính $R_2=2\sqrt{2}$
Ta có: $S=MN^2$
        $M_2N_2 \leq MN \leq M_1N_1$
        $M_2N_2^2 \leq S \leq M_1N_1^2$
        $ 2 \leq S \leq 98$
        $ S(1,1,8,8)=98$
        $ S(3,3,4,4)=2$
Vậy: GTLN của $S=98$
         GTNN của $S=2$

Thẻ

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