Cho các số nguyên dương $k,n$ sao cho $k<n$. chứng minh rằng:
        $\frac{(n+1)^{n+1}}{(k+1)^{k+1}(n-k+1)^{n-k+1}}<\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}<\frac{n^n}{k^k(n-k+1)^{n-k}}$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho $n$ số $ \displaystyle 1+\frac{1}{n}$ và $1$ số $1$, ta được:
    $ \displaystyle n(1+\frac{1}{n})
+1>(n+1)\sqrt[n+1]{(1+\frac{1}{n})^n}\Rightarrow (1+\frac{1}{n+1})^{n+1}>(1+\frac{1}{n})^n$.
Suy ra dãy số $ \displaystyle x_n=(1+\frac{1}{n})^n$ là một dãy tăng và $ \displaystyle x_1...x_k=\frac{(k+1)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!}$.
Vậy, với $k>1$, ta có:
    $ \displaystyle (x_1.x_2...x_{k-1})(x_1.x_2...x_{n-k})<x_1.x_2...x_{n-1}\Rightarrow \frac{k^k}{k!}.\frac{(n-k+1)^{n-k+1}}{(n-k+1)!}<\frac{n^k}{n!}$
    $ \displaystyle \Rightarrow \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}<\frac{n^n}{k^k(n-k+1)^{n-k}}            (1)$

Tương tự ,áp dụng Côsi cho $n$ số $ \displaystyle 1-\frac{1}{n}$ và $1$ số $1$, ta được:
          $ \displaystyle n(1-\frac{1}{n})
+1>(n+1)\sqrt[n+1]{(1-\frac{1}{n})^n}\Rightarrow (\frac{n+1}{n})^{n+1}<(\frac{n}{n-1})^n$.
Suy ra dãy số $ \displaystyle y_n=(1+\frac{1}{n})^{n+1}$ là một dãy giảm và $ \displaystyle y_1...y_k=\frac{(k+1)^{k+1}}{k!}$.
Suy ra, ta có:
    $ \displaystyle (y_1.y_2...y_{k})(y_1.y_2...y_{n-k})>y_1.y_2...y_{n}\Rightarrow \frac{(k+1)^{k+1}}{k!}.\frac{(n-k+1)^{n-k+1}}{(n-k)!}>\frac{(n+1)^{n+1}}{n!}$
    $ \displaystyle \Rightarrow \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}>\frac{(n+1)^{n+1}}{(k+1)^{k+1}(n-k+1)^{n-k+1}}    (2)  $
Từ $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta có đpcm.

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