Trong mặt phẳng $Oxy$ cho tam giác $ABC$ có trọng tâm $G(2, 0)$ biết phương trình các cạnh $AB, AC$ theo thứ tự là $4x + y + 14 = 0$;  $ 2x + 5y - 2 = 0 $ . Tìm tọa độ các đỉnh $A, B, C$.
Tọa độ A là nghiệm của hệ  $ \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
4x + y + 14 = 0\\
2x + 5y - 2 = 0
\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
x = - 4\\
y = 2
\end{array} \right.   \Rightarrow A(–4, 2)$
Vì G(–2, 0) là trọng tâm của tam giác ABC nên

$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
3{x_G} = {x_A} + {x_B} + {x_C}\\
3{y_G} = {y_A} + {y_B} + {y_C}
\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{x_B} + {x_C} = - 2\\
{y_B} + {y_C} = - 2
\end{array} \right. $    (1)

Vì $B(x_B, y_B) \in AB \Rightarrow y_B =  –4x_B – 14    (2)$
$  C(x_C, y_C) \in AC \Rightarrow  {y_C} = - \frac{{2{x_C}}}{5} + \frac{2}{5} $   ( 3)

Thế (2)  và (3) vào (1) ta có: $ \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{x_B} + {x_C} = - 2\\
- 4{x_B} - 14 - \frac{{2{x_C}}}{5} + \frac{2}{5} = - 2
\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{x_B} = - 3 \Rightarrow {y_B} = - 2\\
{x_C} = 1{\rm{    }} \Rightarrow {y_C} = 0
\end{array} \right. $
Vậy A(–4, 2),     B(–3, –2),      C(1, 0)

Thẻ

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