Giả sử phương trình \({x^3} - {x^2} + ax + b = 0\) có $3$ nghiệm thực phân biệt, chứng  minh rằng \({a^2} + 3b > 0\)
Giả sử phương trình \({x^3} - {x^2} + {\rm{ax}} + b = 0\) có $3$ nghiệm thực phân biệt \({x_{1,}}{x_{2,}}{x_3}\) . Theo định lý Viet, ta có \({x_1} + {x_2} + {x_3} = 1,{\rm{   }}{{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2} + {{\rm{x}}_2}{x_3} + {{\rm{x}}_3}{x_1} = a,{\rm{   }}{{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2}{x_3} =  - b\)

\( \Rightarrow {a^2} + 3b = {\left( {{{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2} + {{\rm{x}}_2}{x_3} + {{\rm{x}}_3}{x_1}} \right)^2} - 3{{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2}{x_3}\)

\( = x_1^2x_2^2 + x_2^2x_3^2 + x_3^2x_1^2 + 2{x_1}x_2^2{x_3} + 2{x_1}{x_2}x_3^2 + 2x_1^2{x_2}{x_3} - 3{{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2}{x_3}\)

\( = x_1^2x_2^2 + x_2^2x_3^2 + x_3^2x_1^2 + 2{x_1}{x_2}{x_3}\left( {{x_2} + {x_3} + {x_1}} \right) - 3{{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2}{x_3}\)

\( = x_1^2x_2^2 + x_2^2x_3^2 + x_3^2x_1^2 - {{\rm{x}}_1}{x_2}{x_3} = x_1^2x_2^2 + x_2^2x_3^2 + x_3^2x_1^2 - {{\rm{x}}_1}
{x_2}{x_3}.\left( {{x_1} + {x_2} + {x_3}} \right)\)

\( = \frac{1}{2}{\left( {{x_1}{x_2} - {x_2}{x_3}} \right)^2} + \frac{1}{2}{\left( {{x_2}{x_3} - {x_3}{x_1}} \right)^2} + \frac{1}{2}{\left( {{x_3}{x_1} - {x_1}{x_2}} \right)^2}\)

\( = \frac{1}{2}x_2^2{\left( {{x_1} - {x_3}} \right)^2} + \frac{1}{2}x_3^2{\left( {{x_2} - {x_1}} \right)^2} + \frac{1}{2}x_1^2{\left( {{x_3} - {x_1}} \right)^2} \ge 0\)

Nếu \({a^2} + 3b = 0\) thì phải có \(x_2^2 = x_3^2 = x_1^2 = 0 \Rightarrow {x_2} = {x_3} = {x_1} = 0\) trái với giả thiết \({x_1},{x_2},{x_3}\) là $3$ nghiệm phân biệt. Vậy \({a^2} + 3b > 0\)

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