Giải và biện luận theo $a$ số nghiệm của phương trình
         $\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2ax-a^2}}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2ax-a^2}}=\sqrt{2a}              (1)$
* $a<0, \sqrt{2a}$ vô nghĩa, phương trình không tồn tại    $(2)$
* $a=0, (1) \Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{x}=0 \Leftrightarrow x=0           (3)$
* $a>0$, Nhân hai vế với $\sqrt{2a}>0$ ta có:
$(1) \Leftrightarrow \sqrt{2ax+2a\sqrt{2ax-a^2}}+\sqrt{2ax-2a\sqrt{2ax-a^2}}=2a                 (4)$
Đặt $\sqrt{2ax-a^2}=t \geq 0 \Rightarrow 2ax=t^2+a^2  (5)$. Phương trình $(4)$ trở thành
$\sqrt{t^2+a^2+2at}+\sqrt{t^2+a^2-2at}=2a \Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(t+a)^2}+\sqrt{(t-a)^2}=2a$
$\Leftrightarrow t+a+|t-a|=2a \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\begin{cases}t>a \\ t+a+t-a=2a \end{cases}}\\
{\begin{cases}t \leq a \\ t+a-t+a=2a \end{cases}}
\end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{VN}\\
{0 \leq t \leq 4}
\end{array}} \right.$
Với $ 0 \leq t \leq a \Rightarrow 0 \leq t^2 \leq a^2$ thay vào $(5)$ có $ 0\leq 2ax-a^2 \leq a^2 \Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{2} \leq x \leq a   (6)$
TỪ $(2),(3),(4)$ kết luận:
    + $a<0$: phương trình vô nghiệm.
    + $a \geq 0$: phương trình có nghiệm với $\forall x \in [\frac{a}{2};a] \partial $
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