Trong tam giác $ABC$, hai hệ thức sau có tương đương không ?
$\frac{{\sin A + \sin B+\sin C}}{{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C}} = \sqrt 3 $ và $sin3A+sin3B+sin3C=0$
Ta có :      $\frac{{\sin A + \sin B+\sin C}}{{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C}} = \sqrt 3 $
$\begin{array}{l}
 \Leftrightarrow (\sin A - \sqrt 3 \cos A) + (\sin B - \sqrt 3 \cos B) + (\sin C - \sqrt 3 \cos C) = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\frac{1}{2}\sin A - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\cos A} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{2}\sin B - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\cos B} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{2}\sin C - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\cos C} \right) = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow \sin (A - {60^0}) + \sin (B - {60^0}) + \sin (C - {60^0}) = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow 2\sin (\frac{{A + B}}{2} - {60^0})c{\rm{os}}\frac{{A - B}}{2} + 2\sin (\frac{C}{2} - {30^0})c{\rm{os}}(\frac{C}{2} + {30^0}) = 0(1)
\end{array}$

Vì  $(\frac{{A + B}}{2} - {60^0}) + (\frac{C}{2} - {30^0}) = 0$

Nên từ $(1)$ suy ra :

$\frac{{\sin A + \sin B+\sin C}}{{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C}} = \sqrt 3 $
$\begin{array}{l}
 \Leftrightarrow \sin (\frac{C}{2} - {30^0})c{\rm{os}}\frac{{A - B}}{2} = \sin (\frac{C}{2} - {30^0})c{\rm{os}}(\frac{C}{2} - {30^0})\\
 \Leftrightarrow \sin (\frac{C}{2} - {30^0})\left[ {c{\rm{os}}\frac{{A - B}}{2} - c{\rm{os}}(\frac{C}{2} - {{30}^0})} \right] = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\sin (\frac{C}{2} - {30^0}) = 0\\
c{\rm{os}}\frac{{A - B}}{2} = c{\rm{os}}(\frac{C}{2} - {30^0}
\end{array} \right.\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
C = {60^0}\\
\frac{{A - B}}{2} = \frac{C}{2} - {30^0}\\
\frac{{B - A}}{2} = \frac{C}{2} - {30^0}
\end{array} \right.\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
A = {60^0}\\
B = {60^0}\\
C = {60^0}
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}$

Như vậy

$\frac{{\sin A + \sin B+\sin C}}{{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C}} = \sqrt 3 $ tương đương với sự kiện tam giác $ABC$ có ít nhất $1$ góc =${60^0}$

Mặt khác,ta có

$Sin3A+sin3B+sin3C=0$$ \Leftrightarrow 2\sin \frac{{3A + 3B}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A - 3B}}{2} + 2\sin \frac{{3C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3C}}{2} = 0(2)$

Do $(\frac{{3A + 3B}}{2}) + \frac{{3C}}{2} = {270^0} \Rightarrow \sin \frac{{3A + 3B}}{2} =  - c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3C}}{2};\sin \frac{{3C}}{2} =  - c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A + 3B}}{2}$

Vậy từ $(2)$ suy ra

$Sin3A+sin3B+sin3C=0$
$\begin{array}{l}
 \Leftrightarrow c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A - 3B}}{2} + c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A + 3B}}{2} = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3C}}{2}(c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A - 3B}}{2} + c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A + 3B}}{2}) = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3B}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{3A}}{2} = 0\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
A = {60^0}\\
B = {60^0}\\
C = {60^0}
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}$

Như thế $Sin3A+sin3B+sin3C=0$ tương đương với sự kiện tam giác $ABC$ có ít nhất $1$ góc =${60^0}$

KẾT LUẬN: $\frac{{\sin A + \sin B+\sin C}}{{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C}} = \sqrt 3 $$\Leftrightarrow sin3A+sin3B+sin3C=0$

Nhận xét

Tương tự ta có kết quả sau: Trong tam giác $ABC$, hệ thức $sin5A+sin5B+sin5C=0$ tương đương với sự kiện tam giác $ABC$ có ít nhất $1$ góc bằng ${36^0}$ hoặc ${108^0}$. Điều này dựa vào công thức sau :

 $\sin 5A + \sin 5B + \sin 5C = 4\cos \frac{{5A}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{5B}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{5C}}{2}(*)$

Từ đó suy ra kết quả

Thẻ

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