Cho đường cong \(y = {3^x}\left( {{3^x} - a + 2} \right) + {a^2} - 3a\)
Xác định $a$ để đường cong đó tiếp xúc với đường thẳng \(y = {3^x} + 1\)
Hai đường cong $y=f(x)$ và $ y=g(x) $ tiếp xúc với nhau khi và chỉ khi hệ phương trình sau có nghiệm
\(\left( H \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
f\left( x \right) = g\left( x \right)\\
f'\left( x \right) = g'(x)
\end{array} \right.\)
với \(f\left( x \right) = {3^x}\left( {{3^x} - a + 2} \right) + {a^2} - 3a = {\left( {{3^x}} \right)^2} + ( - a + 2){.3^x} + {a^2} - 3a\)
\(\begin{array}{l}
g\left( x \right) = {3^x} + 1\\
f'\left( x \right) = {2.3^x}{.3^x}\ln 3 + \left( { - a + 3} \right){.3^x}\ln 3\\
g'\left( x \right) = {3^x}\ln 3\\
\left( H \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
{\left( {{3^x}} \right)^2} + \left( { - a + 2} \right){.3^x} + {a^2} - 3a = {3^x} + 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\left( 1 \right)\\
{2.3^x} + \left( { - a + 2} \right) = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left( 2 \right)
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)
$(2)$ \( \Leftrightarrow {3^x} = \frac{{a - 1}}{2}\), thế vào $(1)$ được \(a = \frac{{5 \pm \sqrt {40} }}{3}\). Mặt khác \({3^x} = \frac{{a - 1}}{2}\) nên phải có điều kiện \(\frac{{a - 1}}{2} > 0 \Leftrightarrow a > 1\).
Do đó chỉ lấy giá trị \(a = \frac{{5 + \sqrt {40} }}{3}\). (H) có nghiệm \( \Leftrightarrow a = \frac{{5 + \sqrt {40} }}{3}\)
 và đó cũng là giá trị duy nhất của tham số a làm hai đường cong tiếp xúc nhau.

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