Với mỗi số nguyên dương đặt : $I_n=\int\limits_{n-1}^{n}\frac{(x^{n-1}+1)dx}{x^n+1}  $
a)Chứng minh rằng : dãy $(I_n)(n=1,2,....)$ bị chặn
b)Chứng minh rằng : $I_{n+1}\leqslant I_n;\forall x\in N$
a) Với $n=1$ ta có : $I_1=\int\limits_{0}^{1}\frac{2dx}{x+1}=2\ln |x+1|^1_0=\ln 2<1 \Rightarrow  0\leqslant I_n\leqslant 1  $
Với $n>1 \Rightarrow  x>1 \Rightarrow  0< \frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n+1}<1 $
$(1) \Rightarrow  0<I_n<1 =\int\limits_{n-1}^{n}dx=x|^n_{n-1} $.Vậy dẫy ${I_n}$ bị chặn    (ycbt)
b)Đổi biến số : $x=t-1 \Rightarrow  dx=dt$
Đổi cận : $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x=n       \Rightarrow  t=n+1\\ x=n-1 \Rightarrow  t=n \end{array} \right. $
$x \in [n-1;n] \Rightarrow  t\in [n;n+1]$
$I_n =\int\limits_{n}^{n+1}\frac{(t-1)^{n-1}+1}{(t-1)^n+1}dt=\int\limits_{n}^{n+1}\frac{(x-1)^{n-1}+1}{(x-1)^n+1}dx mà I_{n+1}=\int\limits_{n}^{n+1}\frac{x^n+1}{x^{n+1}+1}  dx  $
Nên muốn chứng minh $I_{n+1}<I_n;\forall x \in N$,ta cần chứng minh $\forall n \in N$
$\forall x \in [n;n+1]: \frac{x^n+1}{x^{n+1}}<\frac{(x-1)^{n-1}+1}{(x-1)^n+1}     (1) $
Thật vậy : $(1) \Rightarrow  (x^n+1)[(x-1)^n+1]-(x^{n+1}+1)[(x-1)^{n-1}+1]<0$
$\Rightarrow  -x^n(x-1)^{n-1}-x^n(x-1)+(x-1)^{n-1}(x-2)<0$
$\Rightarrow  -(x-1)^{n-1}(x^n-x+2)-(x-1)x^n<0       (2)$
$(2)$ đương nhiên đúng với $\forall x \in [n;n+1]$.Do đó : $(1)$ đúng
Từ đó  suy ra $\int\limits_{n}^{n+1}\frac{x^n+1}{x^{n+1}+1}<\int\limits_{n}^{n+1}\frac{(x-1)^{n-1}+1}{(x-1)^n+1}  $
Hay : $I_{n+1}<I_n;\forall x \in N  (dpcm)$

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