Cho parabol $y=x^2+1$ và đường thẳng $y = mx +2$.
Hãy xác định $m$ để diện tích phẳng giới hạn bởi parabol và đường thẳng là nhỏ nhất.
Phương trình hoành độ giao điểm của parabol và đường thẳng:
  $ x^2 + 1 = mx + 2 \Leftrightarrow  x^2 - mx -1 =0 \Leftrightarrow  \left[ \begin{array}{l}
{x_1} = \frac{{m - \sqrt {{m^2} + 4} }}{2}\\
{x_2} = \frac{{m + \sqrt {{m^2} + 4} }}{2}
\end{array} \right.$
Diện tích hình phẳng :
$S = \int\limits_{x_1}^{x_2} (mx +2 -x^2-1)dx = \int\limits_{x_1}^{x_2}(-x+mx+1)dx = \left ( -\frac{x^3}{3}+\frac{mx^2}{2}+x  \right )\left| \begin{array}{l}
{x_2}\\
x_1
\end{array} \right.$
$ = \frac{m}{2}(x^2_2 - x^2_1)+(x_2-x_1) - \frac{1}{3}(x^3_2-x^3_1)$
$ = (x_2-x_1) \left [ \frac{m}{2}(x_2+x_1)+1 - \frac{1}{3}(x^2_2+x_2x_1+x^2_1 \right ]$
$ = (x_2-x_1) \left [ \frac{m}{2}(x_1+x_2)+1-\frac{1}{3}(x_1+x_2)^2+\frac{1}{3}x_1x_2\right ] $
$ = \sqrt{m^2+4}\left ( \frac{m^2}{2}+1-\frac{m^2}{3}-\frac{1}{3} \right ) $
$ = \sqrt{m^2+4}\left ( \frac{m^2}{6}+\frac{2}{3}   \right )\geq 2.\frac{2}{3} = \frac{4}{3}$
Dấu $ "=" \Leftrightarrow  m=0$
Vậy $ Min S  = \frac{4}{3} ( tại  m = 0).$   


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