Chứng minh rằng :
a) Nếu $f$ giảm trên $[0;b]$ thì $ b \int\limits_{0}^{a}f(x)dx \geq a \int\limits_{0}^{b} f(x)dx, \forall a \in  [0;b]$
b) Nếu $f$ tăng trên $[0;b]$ thì $ b \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx \leq  a \int\limits_{a}^{b} f(x)dx, \forall a \in  [0;b]$
a) * Nếu : $ \left[ \begin{array}{l}
a = b\\
a = 0
\end{array} \right.$ thì bất đẳng thức hiển nhiên đúng.
* Nếu $ 0 < a < b $ thì có 2 trường hợp:
   * $ \forall x \in  [a;b],$ ta có : $ f(x) \leq  f(a)  \Rightarrow  \int\limits_{a}^{b} f(x)dx \leq  \int\limits_{a}^{b} f(a)dx = (b-a)f(a)$
                                                                       $\Rightarrow f(a) \geq \frac{1}{b-a}\int\limits_{a}^{b} f(x)dx$                  (1)
   * $ \forall x \in  [0;a],$ ta có : $ f(x) \geq f(a)  \Rightarrow  \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx \geq \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(a)dx = af(a)$
                                                                       $\Rightarrow f(a) \leq  \frac{1}{a} \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx$                     (2)
Từ (1) và (2) $\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}\int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx \geq \frac{1}{b-a}\int\limits_{a}^{b} f(x)dx$
                     $\Leftrightarrow  (b-a)\int\limits_{0}^{a}  f(x)dx \geq a \int\limits_{a}^{b} f(x)dx \Leftrightarrow  b \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx \geq a \int\limits_{0}^{b} f(x)dx.$

b) Ta có $f$ tăng trên $[0;b] \Leftrightarrow  -f $ giảm trên $[0;b]$
Khi đó , theo kết quả của câu a) ta có :
$ b \int\limits_{0}^{a} [ -f(x)]dx \geq a \int\limits_{0}^{b} [-f(x)]dx  \Leftrightarrow   b \int\limits_{0}^{a}f(x)dx \leq  a \int\limits_{0}^{b}f(x)dx$
Chú ý: Nếu $b=1$ và $f$ giảm trên $[0;1]$ thì  $\int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx \geq a \int\limits_{0}^{1} f(x)dx.$

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