Cho $I_n = \int\limits_{n-1}^{n}\frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n+1}dx$.  Chứng minh rằng :
a) Dãy {$I_n$} bị chặn.                                    b) $I_n \leq  I_{n-1}, \forall n \geq 2$ 
a) * $ n=1 : I_n = \int\limits_{0}^{1}\frac{2}{x+1}dx = 2 (\ln (x+1))\left| \begin{array}{l}
1\\
0
\end{array} \right. = 2 \ln 2$
    * $ n \geq 2: \forall x \in  (n-1;n), $ ta có :
$ x > 1   \Rightarrow   x^{n-1} < x^n   \Rightarrow 0 < \frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n +1} < 1    \Rightarrow 0 < I_n < 1$
Vậy dãy {$I_n$} bị chặn.

b) Với $n \geq 2$ , ta có: $ I_{n-1} \geq I_n   \Leftrightarrow   \int\limits_{n-2}^{n-1}\frac{x^{n-2}+1}{x^{n-1}+1}dx  \geq \int\limits_{n-1}^{n} \frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n + 1}dx$            (1)
Đặt   $ t = x+1        \Rightarrow dx = dt$
Do đó :  (1) $\Leftrightarrow  \int\limits_{n-1}^{n} \frac{(t-1)^{n-2}+1}{(t-1)^{n-1}+1}dt \geq \int\limits_{n-1}^{n} \frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n + 1}dx$
                  $\Leftrightarrow  \int\limits_{n-1}^{n}\frac{(x-1)^{n-2}+1}{(x-1)^{n-1}+1}dx \geq \int\limits_{n-1}^{n} \frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n +1}dx$                                          (2)

Để chứng minh (2) ta cần chứng minh :

                  $\frac{(x-1)^{n-2}+1}{(x-1)^{n-1}+1} \geq \frac{x^{n-1}+1}{x^n+1}$   ( với $ x \in  [n-1;n]$)
$\Leftrightarrow  x^n(x-1)^{n-2} + x^n + (x-1)^{n-2} +1 \geq x^{n-1} (x-1)^{n-1} + x^{n-1} + (x-1)^{n-1}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow  x^{n-1}(x-1)^{n-2}[x-(x-1)]+(x-1)^{n-2}[1-(x-1)]+x^{n-1}(x-1) \geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow  x^{n-1}(x-1)^{n-2} + (2-x)(x-1)^{n-2} + x^{n-1}(x-1) \geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow  (x-1)^{n-2}(x^{n-1} -x +2)+x^{n-1}(x-1) \geq 0.$  

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