Tính các tích phân sau :
a) $ I = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} } \cos x. \sin x dx$
b) $J = \int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{3} }^{\frac{\pi}{2} } \frac{dx}{\sin ^3 x}$
a) Đặt   $ t = \sin x      \Rightarrow   dt = \cos xdx$

Đổi cận :

$\Rightarrow I = \int\limits_{0}^{1} \cos tdt = [ \sin t|{^1_0} = \sin 1.$

b ) Ta có : $J = \int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{3} }^{\frac{\pi}{2} } \frac{1}{\sin ^3 x}dx =  \int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{3} }^{\frac{\pi}{2} }\frac{\sin xdx}{\sin ^4x} = \int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{3} }^{\frac{\pi}{2} }\frac{\sin xdx}{(1-\cos ^2x)^2}$
Đặt $t = \cos x    \Rightarrow     dt = -\sin xdx$

Đổi cận :

$\Rightarrow  J  = \int\limits_{\frac{1}{2}}^{0} \frac{-dt}{(1-t^2)^2} = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{1}{2} }\frac{dt}{(1-t^2)^2}$
Chú ý rằng: $ \frac{1}{t^2 - 1} = \frac{1}{2} \left ( \frac{1}{t-1} + \frac{1}{t+1}   \right )$
$\Rightarrow \left ( \frac{1}{t-1}  \right )^2 = \frac{1}{4} \left ( \frac{1}{(t-1)^2} + \frac{1}{(t+2)^2} - \frac{2}{t^2 -1}\right )$
                              $= \frac{1}{4} \left (\frac{1}{(t-1)^2 + \frac{1}{(t+1)^2} - \frac{1}{t-1} +\frac{1}{t+1}   }  \right )$
$\Rightarrow J = \frac{1}{4} \left ( - \frac{1}{t-1} -\frac{1}{t+1} -\ln |t-1| +\ln |t+1|   \right ) \left| \begin{array}{l}
\frac{1}{2}\\
0
\end{array} \right.$
          $= \frac{1}{4} \left ( 1 + \frac{1}{3}-\ln \frac{1}{2} +\ln \frac{1}{3}   \right ) = \frac{1}{3} +\frac{1}{4} \ln 3.$

Thẻ

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