Tam giác nhọn $ABC$ có các góc $A, B, C$ thỏa mãn hệ thức:
$\frac{1}{\cos A}+\frac{1}{\cos B}+\frac{1}{\cos C}=\frac{1}{\sin \frac{A}{2} }+\frac{1}{\sin \frac{B}{2} }+\frac{1}{\sin \frac{C}{2} }$
Chứng minh $ABC$ là tam giác đều.
Tam giác $ABC$ có các góc $A, B, C$ nhọn nên:
$\cos A>0, \cos B>0$ và $\cos C>0$.
Ta có $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq   \frac{4}{x+y}$, suy ra:
$\frac{1}{\cos A}+\frac{1}{\cos B}\geq  \frac{4}{\cos A+\cos B}=  \frac{4}{2 \cos \frac{A+B}{2}\cos \frac{A-B}{2}  }=\frac{2}{\sin \frac{C}{2}\cos \frac{A-B}{2} }$
Vậy $\frac{1}{\cos A}+\frac{1}{\cos B}\geq  \frac{2}{\sin \frac{C}{2} }$.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \cos A=\cos B\\ \cos \frac{A-B}{2}=1  \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow A=B.$
Tương tự, ta có: $\frac{1}{\cos B}+\frac{1}{\cos C}\geq  \frac{2}{\sin \frac{A}{2} }, $
dấu "=" xảy ra khi $B=C$, và:
$\frac{1}{\cos C}+\frac{1}{\cos A}\geq  \frac{2}{\sin \frac{B}{2} }, $
dấu "="  xảy ra khi $C=A$. Cộng (1), (2) và (3) từng vế một ta được:
$\frac{1}{\cos A}+\frac{1}{\cos B}+\frac{1}{\cos C}\geq \frac{1}{\sin \frac{A}{2} }+\frac{1}{\sin \frac{B}{2} }+\frac{1}{\sin \frac{C}{2} }$.
dấu "=" xảy ra khi $A=B=C$. Theo đề bài, dấu bằng đã xảy ra nên $\Delta ABC$ là tam giác đều.

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