Cho dãy $\sqrt[]{2}; \sqrt[]{2+\sqrt[]{2} }; \sqrt[]{2+\sqrt[]{2+\sqrt[]{2} } }; ...   $
a) Chứng minh dãy đã cho là dãy tăng, bị chặn.
b) Tìm công thức tổng quát.
a) Dãy có dạng $u_{k+1}=\sqrt[]{u_k+2} $
* Thấy ngay $u_1<u_2$
   Nếu $u_n < u_{n+1}\Rightarrow 2+u_n<2+u_{n+1}$
   $\Rightarrow  \sqrt[]{2+u_n}< \sqrt[]{2+u_{n+1}} \Rightarrow  u_{n+1}<u_{n+2}  $
   Vậy dãy đã cho là dãy tăng (theo quy nạp).

* Ta cũng thấy ngay $u_1<2$.
   Giả sử $u_n<2   \Rightarrow  2+u_n<4   \Rightarrow  \sqrt[]{2+u_n}<2 \Rightarrow  u_{n+1} <2$.
   Vậy $u_n<2  \forall n \in N^*$ (theo quy nạp).   Do đó dãy bị chặn.

b) Ta chứng minh $u_n=2\cos \frac{\pi}{2^{n+1}}        (1) $ bằng quy nạp.
  $(1)$ đúng khi $n=1$,  giả sử $(1)$  đúng với $n=k-1$.
   $u_{k-1}=2\cos \frac{\pi}{2^k} \Rightarrow u_k=\sqrt[]{2+2\cos \frac{\pi}{2^k} }=\sqrt[]{4\cos^2 \frac{\pi}{2^{k+1}} }=2\cos \frac{\pi}{2^{k+1}}   $
  Suy ra đpcm. 

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