Trong không gian hệ tọa độ Oxyz cho A(1; 2; -1) và đường thẳng (d) có phương trình:
                  $(d): \begin{cases}x+y+z-3=0 \\ y+z-1=0 \end{cases} $
Xác định tọa độ hình chiếu vuông góc của A lên đường thẳng (d)
Chuyển phương trình (d) về dạng tham số:
           $(d): \begin{cases}x= 2\\ y=t\\z=1-t \end{cases} , t\in R $ có vtcp $\overrightarrow{a}(0; 1; -1) $
Gọi H là hình chiếu vuông góc của A lên đường thẳng (d), suy ra:
           $H(2; t; 1-t) \Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AH}(1; t-2; 2-t)  $
           $AH \bot (d) \Leftrightarrow  \overrightarrow{AH} \bot \overrightarrow{a} \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{a}=0 \Leftrightarrow t-2+t-2=0     $
           $\Leftrightarrow t=2 \Rightarrow  H(2; 2; -1) $

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