Cho hình lập phương $ABCD.A'B'C'D'$ có các cạnh bên $AA', BB', CC', DD'$ và cạnh $AB=a$. Cho các điểm $M,N$ trên cạnh $CC'$ sao cho $CM=MN=NC'$. Xét mặt cầu $(S)$ đi qua bốn điểm $A,B',M,N$
a) Chứng minh rằng $A', B\in (S)$
b) Xác định tâm và bán kính  mặt cầu $(S)$ theo $a$

a) Chọn hệ trục tọa độ $Oxyz$ như sau:
-Gốc $O\equiv A$
-Trục $Ox$ đi qua $AB$
-Trục $Oy$ đi qua $AD$
-Trục $Oz$ đi qua $AA'$
Khi đó $A(0;0;0), B(a;0;0), C(a;a;0), D(0;a;0)$
$\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{a}{3} \Rightarrow  M(a;a;\frac{a}{3} ), CN=\frac{2a}{3} \Rightarrow  N(a;a;\frac{2a}{3} ) $
Mặt cầu $(S)$ có dạng: $x^2+y^2+z^2-2\alpha x-2by-2cz+d=0$
$A(0;0;0)\in (S)\Rightarrow  d=0                    (1)$
$B'(a;0;a)\in (S)\Rightarrow  2a^2-2\alpha a-2ca=0              (2)$
$M(a;a;\frac{a}{3} )\in (S)\Rightarrow  \frac{19a^2}{9} -2\alpha a-2ba-\frac{2}{3}ca=0           (3) $
$N(a;a;\frac{2a}{3} \in (S)\Rightarrow  \frac{22a^2}{9}-2\alpha a-2ba-\frac{4}{3}ca=0        (4)  $

$(4)-(3)\Rightarrow  \frac{a^2}{3}-\frac{2}{3}ca=0\Leftrightarrow  c=\frac{a}{2} \Rightarrow  \alpha =\frac{a}{2}   $
Thay vào $(3)\Rightarrow  \frac{19a^2}{9}-2 \frac{a}{2}.a-2ba-\frac{2}{3}.\frac{a}{2}.a=0\Rightarrow  2ba=\frac{7a^2}{9}\Rightarrow  b=\frac{7b}{18}       $
$(S):x^2+y^2+z^2-ax-\frac{7a}{9}y-az=0 $
Thay tọa độ $A'(0;0;a), B(a;0;0)$ vào $(S)$
$\Rightarrow  a^2-a.a=0  $ (đúng) $  \Rightarrow  A'\in (S)$
$\Rightarrow  a^2-a.a=0  $ (đúng) $  \Rightarrow  B\in (S)$

b) Từ phương trình của $(S)\Rightarrow  $ Tâm $I(\frac{a}{2};\frac{7a}{18};\frac{a}{2})$
$\Rightarrow  R=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2-d} =\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{4}+\frac{49a^2}{324}+\frac{a^2}{4}   } =\frac{a\sqrt{211} }{18} $

Thẻ

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