a) Với giá trị nào của $x$ và $y$ để dãy số $u_n=\frac{nx+2}{ny+1}  $ tăng? giảm?
b) Với giá trị nào của $a$ để dãy số $u_n=\frac{an^2+1}{2n^2+3} $ tăng? giảm?
a) Vì $u_{n+1}-u_n=\frac{(n+1)x+2}{(n+1)y+1}-\frac{nx+2}{ny+1}=\frac{x-2y}{[(n+1)y+1](ny+1)} $ nên $x>2y$ thì $(u_n)$ tăng;
                                                                         $x<2y$ thì $(u_n)$ giảm.
b) $u_n=\frac{an^2+1}{2n^2+3}=\frac{a}{2}+\frac{2-3a}{2(2n^2+3)} \Rightarrow  u_{n+1}=\frac{a}{2}+\frac{2-3a}{2[2(n+1)^2+3]}     $
Xét hiệu $H=u_{n+1}-u_n=\frac{2-3a}{2}\left ( \frac{1}{2(n+1)^2+3}-\frac{1}{2n^2+3}   \right ),  \forall n \geq 1       (1)$
Mà $2(n+1)^2+3>2n^2+3>0$   nên   $\frac{1}{2(n+1)^2+3}<\frac{1}{2n^2+3} $
$\Rightarrow  \frac{1}{2(n+1)^2+3}-\frac{1}{2n^2+3}<0  $
$H<0 \Leftrightarrow  \frac{2-3a}{2}>0 \Leftrightarrow  a<\frac{2}{3} ;  $
$H>0 \Leftrightarrow  \frac{2-3a}{2}<0 \Leftrightarrow  a>\frac{2}{3}  $.
Vậy $a<\frac{2}{3} $ thì $(u_n)$ giảm; $a>\frac{2}{3} $ thì $(u_n)$ tăng.

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