Cho khai triển nhị thức Niu tơn:$(2+x)^{100}=a_0+a_1x+...+a_{100}x^{100}.$
Chứng minh: $a_2<a_3$ và tìm $k$ để: $a_k<a_{k+1}$ với $0 \leq k \leq 99, k \in N$
Ta có: $(2+x)^{100}=\sum^{100}_{k=0}C^k_{100}x^k2^{100-k}$
$=2^{100}C^0_{100}+2^{99}C^1_{100}x+2^{98}C^2_{100}x^2+2^{97}C^3_{100}x^3+...+C^{100}_{100}x^{100}$
$a_2 \leq a_3 \Leftrightarrow 2^{98}C^2_{100} < 2^{97}C^3_{100} \Leftrightarrow 2C^2_{100}<C^3_{100} \Leftrightarrow 2.\frac{100!}{2!98!}<\frac{100!}{3!97!} \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{98}<\frac{1}{6}$
                $ \Leftrightarrow 6<98$(đúng)
$a_k<a_{k+1} \Leftrightarrow 2^{100-k}C^k_{100}<2^{99-k}C^{k+1}_{100} \Leftrightarrow 2C^k_{100}<C^{k+1}_{100}$
$\Leftrightarrow 2.\frac{100!}{k!(100-k)!}<\frac{100!}{(k+1)!(99-k)!} \Leftrightarrow \frac{2}{100-k}<\frac{1}{k+1} \Leftrightarrow k<\frac{98}{3} \Rightarrow 0 \leq k \leq 32$ và $k \in N$

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