a. Cho $\overrightarrow{a}=(5;3), \overrightarrow{b}=(4;2), \overrightarrow{c}=(2;0)$. Hãy biểu diễn vectơ $\overrightarrow{c}$ theo hai vectơ $\overrightarrow{a}$ và $\overrightarrow{b}$.    
b. Cho lục giác đều $ABCDEF$. Hãy biểu diễn các vectơ $\overrightarrow{AC}, \overrightarrow{AD}, \overrightarrow{AF}, \overrightarrow{EF}$ qua các vectơ $\overrightarrow{u}=\overrightarrow{AB}; \overrightarrow{v}=\overrightarrow{AE}$      
a. Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{ma}+\overrightarrow{nb}\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} 2=5m+4n\\ 0=3m+2n \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} m=-2\\ n=3 \end{array} \right .\)
Vậy $\overrightarrow{c}=-2 \overrightarrow{a}+3 \overrightarrow{b}$.
b.
    
Chọn hệ trục tọa độ như hình vẽ. Chọn đơn vị trên các trục bằng độ dài cạnh lục giác đều.
Ta có tọa độ các điểm:
$A(0;0), B(1;0), C(\frac{3}{2};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}), D(1;\sqrt{3}), E(0;\sqrt{3}), F(-\frac{1}{2};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})$.
Suy ra $\overrightarrow{u}=\overrightarrow{AB}=(1;0), \overrightarrow{v}=\overrightarrow{AE}=(0;\sqrt{3}), \overrightarrow{AC}=(\frac{3}{2};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) ;  $
$\overrightarrow{AD}=(1;\sqrt{3}), \overrightarrow{AF}=(-\frac{1}{2};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}), \overrightarrow{EF}=\overrightarrow{AF}-\overrightarrow{AE}=(-\frac{1}{2};-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) $  .
Ta có:
* $\overrightarrow{AC}=m \overrightarrow{AB}+n \overrightarrow{AE}$\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \frac{3}{2}=m.1+n.0 \\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=m.0+n.\sqrt{3}\end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} m=\frac{3}{2} \\ n=\frac{1}{2}  \end{array} \right.  \)
Vậy $\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AE}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{u}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{v}$.
*$\overrightarrow{AD}=m \overrightarrow{AB}+n \overrightarrow{AE}$\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} 1=m\\ \sqrt{3}=n\sqrt{3} \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} m=1\\ n=1\end{array} \right.\)  
Vậy $\overrightarrow{AD}= \overrightarrow{AB}+ \overrightarrow{AE}= \overrightarrow{u}+ \overrightarrow{v}$
*$\overrightarrow{AF}=m \overrightarrow{AB}+n \overrightarrow{AE} \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -\frac{1}{2}=m \\\frac{\sqrt 3 }{2}=n\sqrt{3} \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} m=-\frac{1}{2} \\ n=\frac{1}{2}  \end{array} \right. $
Vậy: $\overrightarrow{AF}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AE}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{u}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{v}    $ 
*$\overrightarrow{EF}=m \overrightarrow{AB}+n \overrightarrow{AE}\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -\frac{1}{2}=m \\ -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=n\sqrt{3}\end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow m=n=-\frac{1}{2} $
Vậy: $\overrightarrow{EF}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AE}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{u}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{v}$.            

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