Xác định $a$ để phương trình sau có nghiệm:  $sin^6x+cos^6x=a(sin^4x+cos^4x)$   (1)
Ta có:
$\left( {{\mathop{\rm s}\nolimits} {\rm{i}}{{\rm{n}}^4}{\rm{x +  co}}{{\rm{s}}^4}x} \right) = \left( {{\mathop{\rm s}\nolimits} {\rm{i}}{{\rm{n}}^2}{\rm{x +  co}}{{\rm{s}}^2}x} \right) - 2{\mathop{\rm s}\nolimits} {\rm{i}}{{\rm{n}}^2}{\rm{xco}}{{\rm{s}}^2}x$
                                $ = 1 - \frac{1}{2}{\sin ^2}2{\rm{x}} = 1 - \frac{1}{2}.\frac{{1 - c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}}}{2} = \frac{{3 + c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}}}{4}$
${\mathop{\rm s}\nolimits} {\rm{i}}{{\rm{n}}^6}{\rm{x +  co}}{{\rm{s}}^6}{\rm{x}} = \left( {{\mathop{\rm s}\nolimits} {\rm{i}}{{\rm{n}}^2}{\rm{x}} + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {{\mathop{\rm s}\nolimits} {\rm{i}}{{\rm{n}}^4}{\rm{x}} - {{\sin }^2}{\rm{x}}c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}{\rm{x}} + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^4}{\rm{x}}} \right)$
                          $ = \frac{{3 + c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}}}{4} - \frac{1}{4}{\sin ^2}2{\rm{x}}$
                          $ = \frac{{3 + \cos 4{\rm{x}}}}{4} - \frac{1}{4}.\frac{{1 - c{\rm{os4x}}}}{2} = \frac{{5 + 3c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}}}{8}$
Nên phương trình đã cho tương đương với:
    $\begin{array}{l}
\frac{{8 + 3c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}}}{8} = a\left( {\frac{{3 + c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}}}{4}} \right)\\
 \Leftrightarrow \left( {2{\rm{a}} - 3} \right)c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}} = 5 - 6{\rm{a                                 (2)}}
\end{array}$

a)    Nếu $2{\rm{a}} - 3 = 0 \Leftrightarrow a = \frac{3}{2}$ thì (2) vô nghiệm

b)    $2{\rm{a}} - 3 \ne 0 \Leftrightarrow a \ne \frac{3}{2}$ thì $ (2) \Leftrightarrow c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}} = \frac{{5 - 6{\rm{a}}}}{{2{\rm{a}} - 3}}$            $(3)$
Do $\left| {c{\rm{os}}4{\rm{x}}} \right| \le 1$ nên để $(3)$ có nghiệm điều kiện cần và đủ là:
$\left| {\frac{{5 - 6{\rm{a}}}}{{2{\rm{a}} - 3}}} \right| \le 1 \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\frac{{5 - 6{\rm{a}}}}{{2{\rm{a}} - 3}}} \right)^2} \le 1$
$\begin{array}{l}
\Leftrightarrow {\left( {5 - 6{\rm{a}}} \right)^2} \le {\left( {2{\rm{a}} - 3} \right)^2} \Leftrightarrow  \Leftrightarrow {\left( {5 - 6{\rm{a}}} \right)^2} - {\left( {2{\rm{a}} - 3} \right)^2} \le 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 32\left( {a - \frac{1}{2}} \right)\left( {a - 1} \right) \le 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2} \le a \le 1
\end{array}$

Đáp số: $\frac{1}{2} \le a \le 1$

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