Cho dãy số $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x_{n}\end{array} \right.\left.  \right \}$ thỏa mãn:
$\begin{cases}x_{0}=2006 \\ x_{n}^{2}-2x_{n}.x_{n+1}+2007=0,\forall n \in N... \end{cases}$
Tìm: $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to +\infty } x_{n}$
Trước hết ta chứng minh: $x_{n} >0,\forall n \in N$.Thật vậy:
*Với $n=0: \Rightarrow x_{0}=2006 >0 $
*Với $n=k:$ Giả sử bất đẳng thức đúng,tức là: $x_{k}>0$
*Với $n=k+1:$
Ta xét: $x_{k}^{2}-2x_{k}.x_{k+1}+2001=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2x_{k}.x_{k+1}=x_{k}^{2}+2001 >0$
$\Rightarrow x_{k+1}>0$
Vậy:$x_{n} >0,\forall n \in N$
Mặt khác: $x_{n+1}=\frac{1}{2}(x_{n}+\frac{2007}{x_{n}}) \geq \sqrt{2007}$
(BĐT Cauchy)
$\Rightarrow x_{n+1}^{2} \geq 2007, \forall n \in N$
$\Rightarrow x_{n}^{2} \geq 2007, \forall n \in N^{*}$
$\Rightarrow x_{n+1}=\frac{1}{2}(x_{n}+\frac{2007}{x_{n}}) \leq \frac{1}{2}(x_{n}+\frac{x_{n}^{2}}{x_{n}})=x_{n}$
$\Rightarrow\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \end{array} \right.\left. x_{n} \right \} $ là dãy số giảm và bị chặn dưới bởi $\sqrt{2007}$ nên hội tụ về $x>0$.
Từ đẳng thức:
$x_{n}^{2}-2x_{n}.x_{n+1}+2007=0$
Cho $n \to +\infty$:
$x^{2}-2x.x+2007=0$
$\Rightarrow x= \sqrt{2007}$
Vậy: $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to +\infty } x_{n}=\sqrt{2007}$

Thẻ

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