Tìm giới hạn của dãy số \((u_{n})\) với số hạng tổng quát sau:
a) \(u_{n}=\frac{1+a+a^{2}+...+a^{n}}{1+b+b^{2}+...+b^{n}}\) với \(|a|<1, |b|<1\).
b) \(u_{n}=(1-\frac{1}{2^{2}})(1-\frac{1}{3^{2}})...(1-\frac{1}{n^{2}})\).
c) \(u_{n}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^{2}+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^{2}+2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^{2}+n}}\).
a) \(u_{n}=\frac{(1-a^{n+1}):(1-a)}{(1-b^{n+1}):(1-b)}=\frac{(1-a^{n+1})(1-b)}{(1-b^{n+1})(1-a)}\)
 \(\lim u_{n}=\frac{\lim (1-a^{n+1})\lim (1-b)}{\lim (1-b^{n+1})\lim (1-a)}=\frac{1-b}{1-a}\)
 (vì \(|a|<1, |b|<1, \lim a^{n+1}=\lim b^{n+1}=0\)).
 b) \(u_{n}=\frac{(2^{2}-1)(3^{2}-1)...(n^{2}-1)}{2^{2}.3^{2}...n^{2}}=\frac{1.3.2.4.3.5...(n-1)(n+1)}{(1.2.3...n)^{2}}\)
 \(=\frac{1.2.3...(n-1).3.4.5...(n+1)}{(1.2.3...n)^{2}}=\frac{n+1}{2.n}\)
 \(\lim u_{n}=\lim \frac{n+1}{2n}=\lim \frac{1+\frac{1}{n}}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\).
 c) Với mọi \(k\in N, 1\leq k\leq n\) thì \(0<n^{2}+1\leq n^{2}+k\leq n^{2}+n\)
 \(\Rightarrow \sqrt{n^{2}+1}\leq \sqrt{n^{2}+k}\leq \sqrt{n^{2}+n} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^{2}+n}}\leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^{2}+k}}\leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^{2}+1}}\)
 Suy ra \(\frac{n}{\sqrt{n^{2}+n}}\leq u_{n}\leq \frac{n}{\sqrt{n^{2}+1}}\)
 \(\lim \frac{n}{\sqrt{n^{2}+n}}=\lim \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n}}}=1, \lim \frac{n}{\sqrt{n^{2}+1}}=\lim \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^{2}}}}=1\).
 Theo định lí kẹp về giới hạn dãy số ta có \(\lim u_{n}=1\).

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