Chứng minh rằng hàm số $f(x)=\begin{cases}(x-1)^{2}; x\geq 0\\ -x^{2}        ;x<0 \end{cases}$
không có đạo hàm tại điểm $x=0$. Tại điểm $x=2$ hàm số có đạo hàm hay không?
Trước hết ta chứng minh $f(x)$ không liên tục tại $x=0$
Thật vậy ta có $f(0)=(0-1)^{2}=1$
$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0^{+}}f(x)=\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0^{+}}(x-1)^{2}=1=f(0)$
$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0^{-}}f(x)=\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0^{-}}(-x)^{2}=0\neq f(0)$
Vậy $f(x)$ không liên tục tại $x=0$ suy ra $f(x)$ không có đạo hàm tại $x=0$
*Tại $x=2$. Ta có $\Delta y=f(2+\Delta x)-f(2)$
$=(2+\Delta x-1)^{2}-(2-1)^{2}$
$=\Delta x+1)^{2}-1=\Delta^{2} x+2\Delta x+1-1$
$=\Delta x(\Delta x+2)$
$\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}=\Delta x+2$
$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}=\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0}(\Delta x+2)=2$
Vậy tại $x=2$ hàm số có đạo hàm và $f^{'}(2)=2$

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