Với những giá trị nào của $a$ thì phương trình sau đây có nghiệm :
    ${7^{ - \left| {x + 3} \right|}} - {4.7^{ - \frac{1}{2}\left| {x + 3} \right|}} - a = 0    \left( 1 \right)$
Đặt $y = {7^{ - \frac{1}{2}\left| {x + 3} \right|}},  0 < y \le 1$
($1$)    có nghiệm nếu và chỉ nếu phương trình :${y^2} - 4y - a = 0$ có nghiệm thuộc $\left(
{0,1} \right]$, do đó :
$\left[ \begin{array}{l}
{y_1} = 1\,\,{\ hoac }\,\,{y_2} = 1      \left( 2 \right)\\
{y_1} < 0 < {y_2} < 1\,\,{ hoac }\,\,0 < {y_1} < 1 < {y_2}  \left( 3 \right)\\
0 < {y_1} \le {y_2} < 1      \left( 4 \right)
\end{array} \right.$
Đặt $f\left( y \right) = {y^2} - 4y - a\,\,{; ta  co  :}$
 $\begin{array}{l}
\left( 2 \right) \Leftrightarrow \,f\left( 1 \right) = 0   \Leftrightarrow  - 3 - a = 0   \Leftrightarrow a =  - 3\\
\left( 3 \right) \Leftrightarrow f\left( 0 \right).f\left( 1 \right) < 0   \Leftrightarrow  - a.\left( { - 3 -
a} \right) < 0 \Leftrightarrow  - 3 < a < 0\\
\left( 4 \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
\Delta ' \ge 0\\
f\left( 0 \right) > 0\\
f\left( 1 \right) > 0\\
0 < \frac{S}{2} < 1
\end{array} \right.   \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
4 + a \ge 0\\
 - a > 0\\
 - 3 - a > 0\\
0 < \frac{4}{2} < 1
\end{array} \right.  \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{he  vo  nghiem}
\end{array}$
Vậy với $ - 3 \le a < 0$ thì phương trình ($1$) có nghiệm

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