Xác định hệ số thứ nhất , thứ $2$, thứ $3$ trong khai triển:   $ ( {x^3} + \frac{1}{x^2})^n $
Cho biết tổng $3$ hệ số nói trên là $11$. Tìm hệ số của  $ x^2 $
Ta có:   $ C_n^0 = 1,\,\,Cn_n^1 = n\,,\,\,C_n^2 = \frac{{n\left( {n - 1} \right)}}{2} $
Theo giả thiết:    $ 1 + n + \frac{{n\left( {n + 1} \right)}}{2} = 11 $  $  \Leftrightarrow \,\,\,{n^2} + n - 20 = 0 \Leftrightarrow n = 4 $
Hạng tử thứ k+1 của khai triển là: $ C_n^k{\left( {{x^3}} \right)^k}{\left( {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}}} \right)^{n - k}} = C_n^k{x^{5k - 2n}} $
Cho  $ 5k - 2n = 2 \Leftrightarrow   k = \frac{{2n + 2}}{5} = \frac{{2.4 + 2}}{5} = 2 $
Vậy hệ số của  $ {x^2}$ là $\,C_4^2 = 6 $

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