Cho tích phân $I_n=\int\limits \frac{dx}{(x^2+1)^n}$ ($n$ là nguyên dương)
a)Lập công thức liên hệ giữa $I_n  và  I_{n-1}$
b)Tính $I_3$
a)Xét : $I_n=\int\limits \frac{dx}{(x^2+1)^2}=\int\limits (x^2+1)^{-1};\forall x \in Z^+$
Đặt : $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} u=(x^2+1)^{-n} \Rightarrow  du=\frac{-2nxdx}{(1+x^2)^{n+1}} \\ dv=dx            \Rightarrow  v=x \end{array} \right. $
Lúc đó : $I_n=\frac{x}{(x^2+1)^n}+2n \int\limits \frac{x^2dx}{(x^2+1)^{n+1}}=\frac{x}{(x^n+1)^n+2n \int\limits \frac{(x^2+1)-1}{(x^2+1)^{n+1}} }dx   $
$=\frac{x}{(x^2+1)^n}+2nI_n-2nI_{n+1} $
$\Rightarrow  I_{n+1}=\frac{x}{2n(x^2+1)^n}+\frac{(2n-1),I_n}{2n}  $
$\Rightarrow  I_n =\frac{x}{2(n-1)(x^2+1)^{n-1}}+\frac{(2n-3).I_{n-1}}{2(n-1)}       (1);n=2;3;4....$
b)Áp dụng $(1)$, ta có : $I_3=\frac{x}{4(x^2+1)^2}+\frac{3}{4}I_2  $
$(1) \Rightarrow  I_2=\frac{x}{2(x^2+1)}+\frac{1}{2}I_2  $  (hết hiêu lực khi áp đụng (1)
Tính : $I_1=\frac{dx}{x^2+1}=\arctan x+C_1 $
$\Rightarrow  I_3=\frac{x}{4(x^2+1)^2}+\frac{3}{4} [\frac{x}{2(x^2+1)}+\frac{1}{2} \arctan x+C_1 ] $
$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{4(x^2+1)^2}+\frac{3x}{8(x^2+1)}+\frac{3}{8}\arctan x+C  (ycbt)   $

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