Trong không gian cho bốn điểm $A,B,C,D$
$a.$ Chứng minh hệ thức
$AB^2+CD^2-AD^2-BC^2=2\overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {DB}  $
$b.$ Tính giá trị biểu thức
$\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {CD}+\overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {DB}   +\overrightarrow {AD} .\overrightarrow {BC} $
$c.$ Chứng minh rằng nếu $AB\bot CD$ và $AC\bot DB$ thì $AD\bot BC$
$a.$ Ta có : $AB^2+CD^2-AD^2-BC^2=AB^2-BC^2+CD^2-AD^2$
$(\overrightarrow {AB} )^2-(\overrightarrow {BC} )^2+(\overrightarrow {CD} )^2-(\overrightarrow {AD} )^2$
$=(\overrightarrow {AB}+\overrightarrow {BC}  )(\overrightarrow {AB}-\overrightarrow {BC})+(\overrightarrow {CD}+\overrightarrow {AD})(\overrightarrow {CD}-\overrightarrow {AD})$
$=\overrightarrow {AC}(\overrightarrow {AB}-\overrightarrow {BC}) +(\overrightarrow {CD}+\overrightarrow {AD})(\overrightarrow {CD}+\overrightarrow {AD})$
$=\overrightarrow {AC}(\overrightarrow {AB}-\overrightarrow {BC}) +\overrightarrow {CA} (\overrightarrow {CD}+\overrightarrow {AD})$
$=\overrightarrow {AC}(\overrightarrow {AB}-\overrightarrow {BC}-\overrightarrow {CD}-\overrightarrow {AD}) $
$=\overrightarrow {AC}[(\overrightarrow {AB}-\overrightarrow {AD})-(\overrightarrow {BC}+\overrightarrow {CD})] $
$=\overrightarrow {AC}(\overrightarrow {BD}+\overrightarrow {DB}) =2\overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {DB}  $
$a.$ Ta có :
$\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {CD}+\overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {DB}   +\overrightarrow {AD}.\overrightarrow {BC}  $
$=\overrightarrow {AB}(\overrightarrow {AD}+\overrightarrow {AC}) +\overrightarrow {AC}(\overrightarrow {AB}-\overrightarrow {AD}) +\overrightarrow {AD}(\overrightarrow {AC}+\overrightarrow {AB}) $
$=\overrightarrow {AB}.\overrightarrow {AD}-\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}+\overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {AB} -\overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {AD}+\overrightarrow {AD}.\overrightarrow {AC}-\overrightarrow {AD}.\overrightarrow {AB} =0       (1)         $
$c.$ $AB\bot CD\Rightarrow  \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {CD}=0        (2) $
$AC\bot DB\Rightarrow  \overrightarrow {AC}.\overrightarrow {DB}  =0         (3)$
Từ $(1),(2),(3)$ suy ra :
$\overrightarrow {AD}.\overrightarrow {BC}  =0\Rightarrow  AD\bot BC$
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