Giải các phương trình sau:
a)   $2+5+8+...+x=155$
b)  $(x-1)+(x-3)+...+(x-27)=70$
Ký hiệu cấp số cộng là CSC.

a)
TXĐ: R.
Vế trái là tổng của n số hạng đầu của CSC mà $u_{1} =2, d=3$. Theo công thức:
$S_{n}= \frac{ 2 u_{1} + \left( n-1   \right) d}{2}n $
$\Leftrightarrow 155= \frac{ 4+3 \left( n-1   \right) }{2}n$
$\Leftrightarrow 3 n^{2}+n-310=0 $
$\Rightarrow n=10$
Do đó $x=u_{n}=u_{1} + \left(  n-1  \right) d $
$\Rightarrow x=2+9.3=29$
PT có nghiệm $x=29.$

b)
TXĐ: R.
Viết lại phương trình đã cho: $nx - \left( 1+3+...+27   \right) =70$
Trong dấu ngoặc là CSC có $u_{1} =1, d=2, u_{n}=27$, mà
$u_{n}=u_{1} + \left(  n-1  \right) d $
$\Leftrightarrow 27=1+(n-1).2$
$\Rightarrow n=14$
Vậy $14=70+ \frac{ 1+27}{2}.14 \Rightarrow x=19$
PT đã cho có nghiệm $x=19.$

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