Cho hai điểm  $A,B$ và  $M$ là điểm bất kỳ. Gọi  $H$ là hình chiếu của  $M$  lên  $AB$  và  $I$  là trung điểm của $AB$. Chứng minh rằng:
a) $\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=MI^2-\frac{AB^2}{4}   $
b) $MA^2+MB^2=2MI^2+\frac{AB^2}{2} $
c) $MA^2-MB^2=2 \overline{AB}.\overline{IH}$
a) Ta có:  $\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}  ).(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IB}  )=MI^2-IA^2  $
Vậy:   $\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=MI^2-\frac{AB^2}{4}   $.

b) $MA^2+MB^2=(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}  )^2+(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IB}  )^2=(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}  )^2+(\overrightarrow{MI}-\overrightarrow{IA}  )^2$
$=MI^2+IA^2+2\overrightarrow{MI}.\overrightarrow{IA}+MI^2+IA^2-2 \overrightarrow{MI}.\overrightarrow{IA}    $
$=2MI^2+2IA^2=2MI^2+\frac{AB^2}{2}  $

c)  Ta có  $MA^2-MB^2=(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA})^2-(\overrightarrow{MI}-\overrightarrow{IA}  )^2  $
$=4 \overrightarrow{MI}.\overrightarrow{IA}=2 \overrightarrow{IM}.\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overline{AB}.\overline{IH}$
(vì  $\overrightarrow{IH} $  là hình chiếu của  $\overrightarrow{IM} $  lên  $AB$).

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