Giải các phương trình:
a) $\log_x 2.\log_{\frac{x}{16}}2=\log_{\frac{x}{64}}2$
b) $\log_2x+\log_3x+\log_4x=\log_{20}x$
c) $\log_2(x^2-3)-\log_2(6x-10)+1=0$
a) Điều kiện: $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x>0\\ x\notin \left\{ 1;16;64{} \right\} \end{array} \right.$.
Khi đó, phương trình đã cho tương đương:
$\frac{1}{\log_2x}.\frac{1}{\log_2x-4}=\frac{1}{\log_2x-6}\Leftrightarrow \log_2x(\log_2x-4)=\log_2x-6$
$\Leftrightarrow (\log_2x)^2-5\log_2x+6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{matrix} \log_2x=2\\\log_2x=3\end{matrix}} \right.$
Vậy phương trình đã cho có hai nghiệm $x=4, x=8$.

b) Điều kiện $x>0$.
  PT $\Leftrightarrow \log_2x+\log_3x+\log_4x-\log_{20}x=0$
        $\Leftrightarrow \log_2x+\frac{\log_2x}{\log_23}+\frac{\log_2x}{\log_24}-\frac{\log_2x}{\log_220}=0$
        $\Leftrightarrow (1+\frac{1}{\log_23}+\frac{1}{\log_24}-\frac{1}{\log_220})\log_2x=0  (*)$
Vì $\log_24<\log_220$ nên $\frac{1}{\log_24}-\frac{1}{\log_220}>0$
Suy ra: $(1+\frac{1}{\log_23}+\frac{1}{\log_24}-\frac{1}{\log_220})>0$.
Do đó $(*)\Leftrightarrow \log_2x=0\Leftrightarrow x=1$
Vậy $x=1$ là nghiệm duy nhất của phương trình đã cho.

c) Điều kiện: $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x^2-3>0\\ 6x-10>0 \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow x>\sqrt{3}.$ Với $x>\sqrt{3}$, ta có:
$(4)\Leftrightarrow \log_2 \frac{x^2-3}{6x-10} =-1\Leftrightarrow  \frac{x^2-3}{6x-10}=2^{-1} =\frac{1}{2} \Leftrightarrow x^2-3=3x-5$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x=1\\
x=2\end{array} \right.$
Nghiệm $x=1$ bị loại do không thỏa mãn điều kiện $x>\sqrt{3}$.
Vậy $x=2$ là nghiệm duy nhất của phương trình đã cho.     

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