Cho hypebol $(H) : \frac{x^2}{a^2} -\frac{y^2}{b^2} =1$ . Gọi $F_1,F_2$ là các tiêu điểm và $A_1,A_2$ là các đỉnh của $(H). M$ là điểm tùy ý trên (H) có hình chiếu trên $Ox$ là $N$. Chứng minh rằng :
$a.OM^2-MF_1.MF_2=a^2-b^2$
$b.(MF_1+MF_2)^2=4(OM^2+b^2)$
$c.NM^2=\frac{b^2}{a^2} \overrightarrow {NA_1}.\overrightarrow {NA_2}  $

$M(x;y)\in (H)\Leftrightarrow  \frac{x^2}{a^2} -\frac{y^2}{b^2} =1$
$MF_1=|a+\frac{c}{a}x |,MF_2=|a-\frac{c}{a}x |$
$a. OM^2-MF_1.MF_2=x^2+y^2-|a^2-\frac{c^2}{a^2}x^2 |$
$=x^2+y^2-|a^2-c^2(1^2+\frac{y^2}{b^2} )|=x^2+y^2-|-b^2-\frac{c^2}{a^2} y^2|$
$=x^2+y^2-b^2-\frac{c^2}{b^2} y^2=a^2+\frac{a^2}{b^2}y^2 +y^2-b^2-\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2} y^2=a^2-b^2$
$b.  (MF_1+MF_2)^2=(MF_1-MF_2)^2+4MF_1.MF_2=4a^2+4|a^2-\frac{c^2}{a^2} x^2|$
$=4a^2+4b^2+\frac{4c^2}{b^2} y^2       (1)$
$4(OM^2+b^2)=4(x^2+y^2+b^2)=4x^2+4y^2+4b^2$
$=4(a^2+\frac{a^2}{b^2} y^2)+4y^2+4b^2$
$=4a^2+b^2+4y^2(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+1 )=4a^2+4b^2+\frac{4c^2}{b^2} y^2       (2)$
Từ $(1;  (2)$ suy ra điều phải chứng minh
$c.$ $NM^2=y^2$
$\frac{b^2}{a^2}\overrightarrow {NA_1}.\overrightarrow {NA_2}=\frac{b^2}{a^2}   (-x-a)(-x+a)$
$=-\frac{b^2}{a^2} (a^2-x^2)=-b^2+\frac{b^2}{a^2} x^2$
$-b^2+b^2(1+\frac{y^2}{b^2} )=y^2$
Vậy $NM^2=\frac{b^2}{a^2}.\overrightarrow {NA_1}  .\overrightarrow {NA_2} $

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