Khảo sát sự biến thiên của hàm số $y=f(x)=\frac{x+1}{x-1}$
Giải
Viết lại $(1) \Leftrightarrow f(x)=\frac{x-1+2}{x-1} \Leftrightarrow f(x)=1+\frac{1}{x-1}$
Tập xác định $D=(-\infty;1) \cup (1;+\infty)$
Với mọi $x_1,x_2 \in D: x_1 \neq x_2$ ta có $f(x_2)-f(x_1)=\frac{1}{x_2-1}-\frac{1}{x_1-1}$
$\Leftrightarrow f(x_2)-f(x_1)=\frac{x_1-x_2}{(x_2-1)(x_1-1)} \Rightarrow \frac{f(x_2)-f(x_1)}{x_2-x_1}=\frac{-1}{(x_2-1)(x_1-1)}$
* Với mọi $x_1,x_2 \in (-\infty;1) \Rightarrow \begin{cases}x_2-1<0 \\ x_1-1<0 \end{cases} \Rightarrow (x_2-1)(x_1-1)>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{-1}{(x_2-1)(x_1-1)}<0 \Rightarrow \frac{f(x_2)-f(x_1)}{x_2-x_1}<0$
$\Rightarrow f(x)$ nghịch biến trên khoảng $(-\infty;1)$
* Với mọi $x_1,x_2 \in (1;+\infty) \Rightarrow \begin{cases}x_2-1>0 \\ x_1-1>0 \end{cases} \Rightarrow (x_2-1)(x_1-1)>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{-1}{(x_2-1)(x_1-1)}<0 \Rightarrow \frac{f(x_2)-f(x_1)}{x_2-x_1}<0$
$\Rightarrow f(x)$ nghịch biến trên khoảng$(1;+\infty)$
 Vậy hàm số luôn nghịch biến trên từng khoảng xác định của nó.

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