Cho góc tam diện $3$ mặt vuông $Oxyz$. Trên $Ox, Oy, Oz$ lần lượt lấy các điểm $A, B, C.$
$1.$ Tính diện tích tam giác $ABC$ theo $OA = a, OB = b, OC = c.$
$2.$ Giả sử $A, B, C$ thay đổi nhưng luôn có:
$OA + OB + OC + AB + BC + CA = k$ (không đổi)
Hãy xác định giá trị lớn nhất của thể tích tứ diện $OABC.$



$1.$ Kẻ $OH$ vuông góc $AB$ thì $CH$ vuông góc $AB$ (định lý $3$ đường vuông góc). Ta có:
$\begin{array}{l}
\frac{1}{{O{H^2}}} = \frac{1}{{O{A^2}}} + \frac{1}{{O{B^2}}}\\
 \Rightarrow O{H^2} = \frac{{{a^2}{b^2}}}{{{a^2} + {b^2}}}\\
 \Rightarrow C{H^2} = O{C^2} + O{H^2} = \frac{{{a^2}{b^2} + {b^2}{c^2} +
{c^2}{a^2}}}{{{a^2} + {b^2}}}\\
 \Rightarrow dt\Delta ABC = \frac{1}{2}AB.CH = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {{a^2}{b^2} + {b^2}{c^2} +
{c^2}{a^2}}
\end{array}$
$2.$ Từ giả thiết ta có:
$\begin{array}{l}
k = a + b + c + \sqrt {{a^2} + {b^2}}  + \sqrt {{b^2} + {c^2}}  + \sqrt {{a^2} + {c^2}} \\
 \ge 3.\sqrt[3]{{abc}} + \sqrt {2ab}  + \sqrt {2bc}  + \sqrt {2ac} \\
 \ge 3.\sqrt[3]{{abc}} + 3.\sqrt[3]{{\sqrt {2ab} \sqrt {2bc} \sqrt {2ac} }} = 3\sqrt[3]{{abc}} +
3\sqrt 2 .\sqrt[3]{{abc}}\\
 \Rightarrow k \ge 3(1 + \sqrt 2 ).\sqrt[3]{{abc}} \Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{{abc}} \le \frac{k}{{3(1 +
\sqrt 2 )}}\\
 \Rightarrow abc \le {\left( {\frac{k}{{3(1 + \sqrt 2 )}}} \right)^3} \Rightarrow V = \frac{1}{6}abc
\le \frac{{{k^3}}}{{162{{(1 + \sqrt 2 )}^2}}}
\end{array}$
V đạt giá trị lớn nhất $ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
a = b = c\\
k = 3a + 3a\sqrt 2
\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow a = b = c = \frac{k}{{3(1 + \sqrt 2 )}}$
$ \Rightarrow \max V = \frac{{{k^3}}}{{162{{(1 + \sqrt 2 )}^2}}}$

Thẻ

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