Giải và biện luận theo tham số $m$ bất phương trình:
       $(m+1)\cos 2x+m(\sin x+\cos x)^2<0$
Giải
* Xét $x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi$: Ta có: $\cos 2x=\cos \pi=-1, \cos x=0, sin x=\pm 1$ nên thế vào bất phương trình thì ta có: $-(m+1)+m<0$: Điều này luôn đúng
* Xét $x\neq \frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi$: Bất phương trình được viết thành:
   $(m+1)(cos^2x-sin^2x)+m(sin^2x+cos^2x+2sinx  cosx)<0$
   $\Leftrightarrow (m+1)(1-tan^2x)+m(tan^2x+1+2tanx)<0$ (cùng chia $cos^2x>0 \forall x)$
   $\Leftrightarrow (m+1)(1-t^2)+m(t^2+1+2t)<0$  (với $t=\tan x$) 
   $\Leftrightarrow (m+1)(t^2-1)+m(t+1)^2<0$
   $\Leftrightarrow (t+1)[(m+1)(t-1)+m(t+1)]<0$
   $\Leftrightarrow (t+1)(-t+2m+1) <0 (*)$
  Xét $(t+1)(-t+2m+1)=0 \Leftrightarrow t_1=-1, t_2=2m+1$
  i) Nếu $m>-1$ thì $t_2=2m+1>-1=t_1$
   Lúc đó: (*) $\Leftrightarrow t<t_1 \vee t>t_2 \Leftrightarrow t<-1 \vee t>2m+1$
   $\Leftrightarrow \tan x<-1$ hay $\tan x>2m+1$
   $\Leftrightarrow -\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi<x<-\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi$ hoặc $\alpha +k\pi<x<\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi (k\in Z)$
       (với $\tan \alpha=2m+1, -\frac{\pi}{2}<\alpha <\frac{\pi}{2}$)
 ii) Nếu $m=-1$ thì $t_1=t_2=-1$
   Ta có: (*) $\Leftrightarrow (t+1)^2>0 \Leftrightarrow t+1 \neq 0 \Leftrightarrow t \neq -1$
  $ \Leftrightarrow \tan x\neq 1 \Leftrightarrow x\neq -\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi \wedge x \neq -\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi (k\in Z)$
iii) Nếu $m<-1$ thì có $t_2=2m+1<t_1=-1$. Do đó:
    (*) $\Leftrightarrow t<2m+1 \vee t>-1 \Leftrightarrow -\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi<x<\alpha+k\pi \vee \frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi<x<\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi$
     ( trong đó $\tan \alpha =2m+1, -\frac{\pi}{2}<\alpha<\frac{\pi}{2}$)
Kết luận:
  - Nếu $m>-1:\left[\begin{array}{l}-\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\neq x<-\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi \\\alpha+k\pi<x\leq \frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi \end{array} \right.$
  - Nếu $m=-1: x\neq -\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi$
  - Nếu $m<-1:\left[ \begin{array}{l}   -\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\leq x<\alpha +k\pi  \\ -\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi<x\leq\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi  \end{array} \right.$
    ( với $\tan \alpha=2m+1, -\frac{\pi}{2}<\alpha<\frac{\pi}{2}    ;    k \in Z$)
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