Giải các phương trình sau:
a/ $\sqrt{x^{2}+2x+1}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4x+4}=3$
b/ $\sqrt{x+3-4\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x+8-6\sqrt{x-1}}=1$
c/ $\sqrt{2x+\sqrt{6x^{2}+1}}=x+1$
d/ $ \sqrt{3x^{2}+6x+7}+\sqrt{5x^{2}+10x+14}=4-2x-x^{2}$
a/ $\sqrt{x^{2}+2x+1}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4x+4}=3$
$\Leftrightarrow |x+1|-|x-2|=3$
Xét dấu vế trái:


suy ra: $\begin{cases}x\leq -1 \\-3=3 \end{cases}(1) $ hay $\begin{cases}-1<x<2 \\ 2x-1=3 \end{cases}(2)$ hay $\begin{cases}x\geq 2 \\ 3=3 \end{cases}(3)$
$(1)$ vô nghiệm
$(2)$ vô nghiệm
$(3) \forall x\geq 2$ đều là nghiệm.

b/ $\sqrt{x+3-4\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x+8-6\sqrt{x-1}}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^{2}}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-3\right)^{2}}=1$
$|\sqrt{x-1}-2|+|\sqrt{x-1}-3|=1$
điều kiện: $x\geq 1$
xét dấu vế trái:


SUY RA:
$\begin{cases}1<x<5 \\ -2\sqrt{x-1}+5=1 \end{cases}(1)$ Hay $\begin{cases}5 \geq x\geq 10 \\ 1=1 \end{cases}(2)$ hay $\begin{cases}x>10\\ 2\sqrt{x-1}-5=1 \end{cases}(3)$
$\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}1<x<5 \\ \sqrt{x-1}=2 \end{cases}(1)$ Hay $\begin{cases}5 \geq x\geq 10 \\ 1=1 \end{cases}(2)$ hay $\begin{cases}x>10\\ \sqrt{x-1}=3 \end{cases}(3)$
$\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}1<x<5 \\ x=5 \end{cases}(1)$ Hay $\begin{cases}5 \geq x\geq 10 \\ 1=1 \end{cases}(2)$ hay $\begin{cases}x>10\\x=10 \end{cases}(3)$
$\Leftrightarrow \forall x\in [5; 10] $


c/ $\sqrt{2x+\sqrt{6x^{2}+1}}=x+1$
Điều kiện: $x\geq -1$
với điều kiện trên phương trình tương đương:
$2x+\sqrt{6x^{2}+1}=x^{2}+2x+1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{6x^{2}+1}=x^{2}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow 6x^{2}+1=x^{4}+2x^{2}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow x^{4}-4x^{2}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^{2}\left(x^{2}-4\right)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 0\\ x=2 \\y = -2, (L)  \end{array} \right.$

d/ $ \sqrt{3x^{2}+6x+7}+\sqrt{5x^{2}+10x+14}=4-2x-x^{2}$
$\sqrt{3x^{2}+6x+7}=\sqrt{3\left(x+1\right)^{2}+4} \geq 2$
$\sqrt{5x^{2}+10x+14}= \sqrt{5\left(x+1\right)^{2}+9 } \geq 3$
suy ra: vế trái $ \geq 5$
vế phải $4-2x=x^{2}=5-\left(x+1\right)^{2} \leq5$
Vậy $ x=-1$ là nghiệm duy nhất!

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